ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ
| ꯍꯥꯌꯕ | ꯑꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ |
|---|---|
| ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ | ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ |
| ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯂꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ | ꯃꯈꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ |
| ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ | ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ |
| ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ WPM ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ | ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯨꯝ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ |
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯏ. ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ, ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ. ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯉꯝꯗꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ. Rayner et al., 2016
ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ
ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯛꯀꯣꯡꯕ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯊꯣꯜꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ. ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ. ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Schotter ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤ. ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯈꯠꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ. Schotter et al., 2014
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯏ
ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ. ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯈꯠꯄ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯥꯉꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ. ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯟꯗꯦ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯥꯈꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ. Whitford et al., 2012 Brysbaert et al., 2016
ꯀꯔꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ?
ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ. ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯔꯈꯛ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ. ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯩ. ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ. Rayner et al., 2016
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯩ. ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯪꯂꯦꯁꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏ; ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯡ-ꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯑꯉꯥꯡ, ꯑꯈꯪꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯂꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯏ?
ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯊꯣꯜ ꯄꯥꯈꯅꯨ, ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯤꯌꯨ. ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯉꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅꯁꯨ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯈꯉꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯩ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Rayner et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯈꯠꯂꯨ, ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯨ. ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗꯥ WPM ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯟꯊꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯨ. ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯛꯁ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯣꯏ. ꯋꯦꯕꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯖꯔ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯂꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯆꯠꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Rayner et al., 2016 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ
ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ
ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯂꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯅꯕ ꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯠꯂꯨ. ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯄꯤꯌꯨ. ꯅꯪ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯐꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯌꯨ, ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ.
ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯥ?
ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ. ꯋꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Rayner et al., 2016
ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ. Schotter et al., 2014
ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯛ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯧꯌꯨ; ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯎꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Rayner et al., 2016
ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
- Brysbaert (2019). ꯃꯤꯟꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯄꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ.
- Rayner et al. (2016). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯏ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯦ.
- Rayner (1998). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯠꯄ: ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯆꯥꯉꯁꯤꯡ 20 ꯆꯍꯤ.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯠꯄ: Keith Rayner-ꯒꯤ 40 ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ.
- Whitford et al. (2012). ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯕꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯄꯔꯥꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯈꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯎ.
- Nation (2006). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). ꯑꯃꯈꯛ ꯄꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕꯤꯌꯨ.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯈꯪꯏ? ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ: ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ.
ꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯒꯦꯅꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/mni/answers/subvocalization-and-reading-speed. CC BY 4.0.
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