ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ
| ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ | ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛ | ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯇꯥ |
|---|---|---|
| Hiraiꯒꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯃꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ | 139 WPM | ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ 75% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ |
| ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ | 61 WPM | ꯀꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯩ |
| ꯗꯪꯕꯥꯁꯤꯡ-ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯕꯥꯏꯂꯤꯪꯒꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ | L2ꯗꯥ 17% ꯅꯥꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ | ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯂꯤꯪꯒꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ |
ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯟꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ. ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ WPM ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯤ: 17% ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯃꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯄꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ L2 ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ
ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯪꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ. Whitford ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Titoneꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤ. ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ. Whitford et al., 2012
ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ (ꯐꯣꯔꯝ, ꯂꯦꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯐꯝ) ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯣꯜꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇ ꯃꯄꯨꯝꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯦ. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
WPMꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯣꯜ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ
ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯩ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛ, ꯃꯣꯔꯐꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ. ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯅꯪꯉꯥꯏꯕ WPM ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯃꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ꯀꯔꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯈꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ, ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯩ. ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ. ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯃꯊꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯈꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯊꯤꯔ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ꯃꯈꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ (regressions) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯍꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ. ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯂꯣꯛꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯅꯥꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯎꯅꯥ, L2ꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ. ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ. Schotter et al., 2014
ꯇꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯃꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯈꯤꯗꯦ. ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ-ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ. ꯃꯊꯣꯜ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯅꯥꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯪꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯜꯂꯨ. ꯑꯁꯣꯜ-ꯑꯄꯥꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯣꯏ. ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤ. 139, 61 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 17% ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ. ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯂꯃꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ
ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ
ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ. ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ. ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯀꯤ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯅꯤ; ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ IQ ꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ.
ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
L2ꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯥꯏꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯏꯍꯜꯂꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯜ-ꯑꯄꯥꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯤꯟꯈꯤꯗꯦ. ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ, ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯩ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ WPM ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ WPM ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯡ WPMꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯀꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ. Schotter et al., 2014
ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
- Brysbaert (2019). ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯦ? ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁ.
- Rayner et al. (2016). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ.
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- CLIFTON et al. (2015). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ: Keith Raynerꯒꯤ 40 ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ.
- Whitford et al. (2012). ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ: ꯑꯁꯣꯜ-ꯑꯄꯥꯛ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛ.
- Nation (2006). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯃꯊꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯄꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯨ.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯏ? ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ, ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ.
ꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ: ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/mni/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
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