ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ 77 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ 5,965 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯇꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ 183 ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ 238 ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ 55 WPM ꯐꯪꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯩ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ Brysbaert, 2019

ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯅꯩ

ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ, ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯃꯤꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯩ꯫ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯥꯏ-ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ; ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯈꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015

ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯂꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ-ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯕꯥꯏꯖꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯂꯣꯠꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯧꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ Rayner et al., 2016

ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ, ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯊꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ; ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ Schotter et al., 2014

ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ

ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯨꯚꯚꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ; ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯨꯚꯚ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯕ ꯑꯪꯂꯣꯝ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯐꯔꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦ꯫ Brysbaert, 2019 Whitford et al., 2012

ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯇꯤꯃꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ; ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ WPM ꯑꯃꯈꯛ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯦ꯫ Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nation, 2006

ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ: ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ꯫ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ; ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯦ꯫ Brysbaert, 2019 Rayner et al., 2016

ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯔꯊꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯣꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ; ꯃꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯅꯥꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯗꯅꯕ ꯀꯔꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ CLIFTON et al., 2015 Rayner, 1998

ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ: ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ꯫ Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014