ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ
| ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ | ꯂꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ | ꯋꯥꯍꯩ 1,000 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕ |
|---|---|---|
| ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ, ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ | 238 WPM | 4 ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 12 ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ |
| ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ | 260 WPM | 3 ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 51 ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ |
| ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ | 183 WPM | 5 ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 28 ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ |
| ꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕ | 175 WPM | 5 ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 43 ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ |
| ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕ | 300 WPM | 3 ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 20 ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ |
ꯃꯇꯝꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯂꯕ: ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ WPM ꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ 60 ꯗꯥ ꯒꯨꯟꯅꯕ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ 1,000 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ; ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯃꯃꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯊꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ
ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯃꯇꯝꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ. ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ. ꯃꯤꯈꯨꯠ ꯆꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯣꯛꯍꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯕ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯂꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯥꯡ ꯆꯤꯜꯂꯦ. ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯧꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ. Schotter et al., 2014
ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯍꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕꯅꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯈꯟꯂꯤ; ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ. Whitford et al., 2012 Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
ꯀꯔꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯅꯠꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯈꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ, ꯑꯈꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯇꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗꯒꯤ 1,000 ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ, ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ WPM ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯂꯤ. ꯂꯣꯟꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯔꯤꯌꯨ; WPM ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯡꯕ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ. ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯊꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ. ꯄꯥꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯊꯤꯕ, ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯏꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯏꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯄꯤꯌꯨ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯊꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ; ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯣꯜ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯇꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ. ꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯔꯊ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯨ. Rayner et al., 2016
ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ. ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯔꯕ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ. ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯇꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ
ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ
ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯔꯕ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯌꯨ. ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯏꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯅꯨ; ꯄꯥꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯨ.
ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ. 238 WPM ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, 1,000 ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ 238 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ 4.20 ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ 4 ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 12 ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯏ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯅꯠꯇꯦ. ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ; ꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯅꯤ. Brysbaert, 2019
ꯑꯔꯊ ꯍꯟꯊꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ. ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ. Rayner et al., 2016
ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
- Brysbaert (2019). ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯦ? ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯟ-ꯃꯃꯥꯟ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ.
- Rayner et al. (2016). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ.
- Rayner (1998). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯨꯠ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ: ꯆꯍꯤ 20 ꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯨꯠ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ: Keith Rayner-ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 40 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ.
- Whitford et al. (2012). ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯍꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯇꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ: ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯈꯨꯠ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯎꯠꯄ.
- Nation (2006). ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯥꯔꯣꯏ, ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯨ.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯏ? ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯟꯕ, ꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯐꯪꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯆꯕ.
ꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ: ꯋꯥꯍꯩ 1,000 ꯄꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯪꯏ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/mni/answers/how-long-to-read-1000-words. CC BY 4.0.
← ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ