ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯈꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ। ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯜꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯖꯟꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ। ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ। ꯃꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯈꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯤ। Peretz et al., 2017

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯖꯟꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯩ। ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯤ। Peretz et al., 2002 Ayotte et al., 2002

Montreal Battery ꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯩ। ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ Montreal Protocol ꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯈꯣꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯒꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ Protocol ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯗꯦ। Peretz et al., 2003 Vuvan et al., 2017

ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯦ

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ tone deaf ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ। ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ। ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯏ। Peretz et al., 2017 Vuvan et al., 2017

ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ। Phillips-Silver ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ beat-deaf ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯂꯣꯗꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯒꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ। ꯁꯤꯟꯛꯔꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯁꯨ ꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ। ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। Phillips-Silver et al., 2011 Repp et al., 2013

ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯅꯥ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯈꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯒꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯦ। ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯤ। ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯌꯨꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ। Peretz et al., 2017

ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯦ?

ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ। ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯐꯜꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯦ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯦ। Montreal Protocol ꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ। Vuvan et al., 2017

ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ। ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯣꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ। ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯐꯜꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ। Hedge et al., 2017

ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ। ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯅꯤ। Peretz et al., 2017 Vuvan et al., 2017