Finfiahna leh nambar pawimawhte
| Zir chiannain a sawi | Hmu chhuah | A zawmna hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|---|
| Hirai-a English zir mite, hriatthiamna sang zawk pawl | 139 WPM | Zawhna zinga 75% aia tam dik |
| Zir chianna tho, pawl dang | 61 WPM | Hriatthiamna a danglam |
| Dutch–English tawng pahnih hmangte novel chhiarna zir chianna | L2-ah 17% a chak lo | Tawng pahnih hmang sample leh thiltih bik tak |
Hêng hmu chhuahte hi review-a tawng hmasa lo hmangtu chhiartute chungchang section-ah a sawi a ni. Novel zir chianna statistics-te chuan WPM zat dik tak direct-a teh theihna a pe lo tih review-in a sawi chiang. Chuvangin, hêng zawmna hi pawimawh tak a ni: 17% hi tawng zirtu zawng zawng chhiar chakna siamthatna atan hman tur a ni lo. Brysbaert, 2019
Eng vanga thiamna hian L2 label aiin pawimawh zawk nge?
Tawng dang hmang tawhna chuan thu awmzia hriatna pawh a tihdanglam a, thu engtiang taka tam nge hman thin tih hriatna pawh a huam. Whitford leh Titone zir chiannain paragraph chhiar lai mit chet dan hmangin hêng nghawngte a zir. Chuvangin, tawng hmasa leh tawng pahnih an inang mi pahnih pawhin tawng an hman tawh zat leh an thiam dan a dang avangin thu chhiar hriatthiam danah harsatna an tawh zat a dang thei. Whitford et al., 2012
Thu hriat zat pawh he dinhmunah a tel. Text bik pakhatah chhiartu-in eng zat thu nge a hriat tih vocabulary coverage zir chiannain a zawt; vocabulary zat chhutna erawh chu thu awm dan (form), lemma emaw thumal chhungkhat emaw chhiar dan a zirin a dang. Thu chhiar raw zat chhutna chauh chuan text tin chhiar fluently theihna a hrilh thei lo. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Eng vanga WPM hian tawngte direct-a tehkhin theih loh nge?
Tawng hrang hrangin thu awmzia inang deuh sawi nan thu ziah zat a hrang thei. Thu sei dan, thumal siam dan leh ziakna hmangte hian chhiar zat tehna unit an nghawng. Chuvangin, chhiar chakna leh mit chet dan review-te chuan tawng dangah WPM a hniam zawk chu rilru chakna a hniam emaw ngaihtuahna zawng zawngah a chak lo emaw tihna a ni tih an nemngheh lo. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Engin nge nghawng?
Text awlsam leh harsa leh thiltih tur hrilhfiah danin hmu chhuah a thlak thei
Lawmna atan chhiar, zirna atan chhiar leh thu pakhat zawng chhuah nan chhiar hi thiltih hrang a ni. Mit chet dan zir chiannain thu harsa dan leh hriatthiamna mamawh zat hian engtiangin nge thil hmuh dan a nghawng tih a lantir. Thawnthu hriat sa leh thiamna lam thil ziak hriat loh hi chhiar chakna tehna pakhat tho anga ngaih tur a ni lo. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Thu chhiar hnung lamah kir lehna chuan ngaihtuah zawh lohna tihfel theihna a pe thei. Chhiar lehna khap chuan hriatthiamna a tihniam tih finfiahna hian L2-ah chhiarna chawlh emaw kir lehna zawng zawng hi tihbo tur awlsam lohna anga ngaih a hlauhawm tih min hrilh. Hun tam zawk chhiarna hman chu thu hriatthiamna atan a tangkai thei. Schotter et al., 2014
Zir chuan inkar hi khar theih em?
Review-te chuan tawng hmang tawhna leh thu awlsam taka hriatna pawimawhna an sawi; mahse, tawng hmasa chhiar chakna thlen nan eng zat hun zir nge mamawh tih a zau zawngin an sawi lo. Zir chianna hrang hrangte entirna hian kum leh mipa/hmeichhia zira zirna hmu chhuah tura chhutna dik a pe hek lo. A than dan teh nan thiltih inang deuh leh tawng hman dinhmun inang deuh hmang tur a ni. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Hriat loh sa text phùh tak hmang la, hriatthiamna endik la, hun chhiarna tinah tawng leh chhiar chhan ziak rawh. Text awlsam zawk chu chak zawka chhiar theih hi a tangkai thei; mahse, text harsa zawkah chhiar theihna a tho zat tho a pung tih a lantir lo. Tehkhinna awmzia nei tur chuan text harsa dan leh chhiar chhan a inang deuh tur a ni. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
A taka chhanna chu zat hrang hrang a ni, multiplier pakhat chauh a ni lo. Tihlan chhuah 139, 61 leh 17% hmu chhuahte hian mi tawn dan leh thiltih hian eng chen nge pawimawh tih an entir. Danglamna hriatthiam nan an pui tur a ni; tawng zirtu zawng zawngte tana threshold thar siam nan an pui tur a ni lo. Brysbaert, 2019
A inzawmna endikna man lova ti ve rawh
Chhiar chakna endikna
I hriatthiam tawngah chhiar chakna endikna hmang la, hriatthiamna zawhna te chhanna rawh. Tawng hrangte atanga hmu chhuahte chu a hranin vawng rawh. English-a zirna nambar-te hi hrilhfiahna atan chauh an ni; i tawng thiamna emaw IQ emaw anga thlak chhuahna an ni lo.
Zawhna tlanglawnte
L2-ah vawi 2-a chak loh hi normal lo a ni em?
Hêng zir chiannate hian mi mal tana normal loh ratio a siam lo. Thiamna, text harsa dan leh chhiar chhan a danglam lutuk avangin chutiang chhanna pek theih a ni lo. Brysbaert, 2019
English WPM leh tawng dang WPM ka tehkhin thei em?
Thu ziak unit leh thu pakhatin a keng tel awmzia zat hrang dan ngaihtuah tel chuan chauh. WPM raw chauh hmangin tawng hrangte dik taka tehkhin theih a ni lo. Brysbaert, 2019
Chhiar leh tawh lo turin ka inphut em?
Chhiar kir lehna zawng zawng hi pawi a ni tih ngaihtuahna hmangin chutiang ti suh. Chhiar lehna chuan hriatthiamna a pui thei; chuvangin chhiar chakna nen teh tel tur a ni. Schotter et al., 2014
Thu hmuhna
- Brysbaert (2019). Eng zat thu nge minute khatah kan chhiar? Chhiar chakna review leh meta-analysis.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Chhiar tur tam tak, hun tlem tak.
- Rayner (1998). Chhiarna leh thu hriatnaah mit chet dan: Zir tawh kum 20.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Chhiarnaah mit chet dan leh thu hriatna: Keith Rayner-a kum 40 chhunga hnathawh rah.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Tawng dang hmang tawhna chuan tawng hmasa leh tawng pahnihah thu tawn thin leh hman zat nghawng a thlak: Paragraph chhiar tak tak lai mit chet dan tehna atanga finfiahna.
- Nation (2006). Chhiar leh ngaihthlak nan thu hriat zat eng zat nge mamawh?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Vawikhat chauh chhiar chu ring suh.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Eng zat thu nge kan hriat? Thu awmzia siam dan, tawng hman tawn zat leh chhiartu kum zira thu hriat zat chhutna hman tlak.
He phek hi hnâr anga târ lang rawh: Tawng dangah chhiar chuan eng chen nge a chak loh?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/lus/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
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