Muhimman hujjoji da lambobi
| Da'awa | Fassarar da ta dogara kan shaida |
|---|---|
| Magana ta ciki tana tilasta kowa ya karanta da saurin magana | Ayyukan shiru da na baki suna da saurin daban-daban; daidaiton da ake zato ba shi da tushe |
| Cire magana ta ciki yana tabbatar da saurin fahimta | Ba a kafa irin wannan tabbaci na gama gari ba |
| Komawa baya yana ɓata lokaci koyaushe | Shaida ta gwaji ta nuna sake karantawa na iya tallafa wa fahimta |
| Ƙimar WPM da aka nuna mafi girma koyaushe tana nufin ingantaccen karatu | Dole ne a auna fahimta kuma |
Ana amfani da kalmar furta kalmomi a zuciya da sassauci. Tana iya nufin murya ta ciki da ake ji, wani aiki mai laushi da ya shafi magana, ko sarrafa harshe da ke amfani da wakilcin sauti. Waɗannan ba ma'auni ne da za a iya musanya su ba. Bitan karatu cikin sauri ya yi magana kan sarrafa sautukan kalmomi kuma ya yi adawa da ɗauka cewa guje wa murya ta ciki da ake ji yana kawar da buƙatun sarrafa harshe na karatu. Rayner et al., 2016
Me ya sa saurin motsin ido bai isa ba
Idanu suna tattara bayanan gani ta hanyar tsayawa da tsallen ido, amma fahimta tana buƙatar gane kalmomi da haɗa ma'anarsu. Bitan kan motsin ido ya nuna cewa ɗaukar bayanai da sarrafa harshe suna haɗuwa. Motsa mai nuni da sauri ko hana idanu komawa baya ba ya tabbatar da an fahimci bayanin nan ɗaya. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Schotter da abokan aikinsa sun gwada wata dabara da ta hana sake karanta kalmomin da aka karanta a baya cikin amfani. Fahimta ta ragu. Sakamakon bai tabbatar da kowace komawa baya dole ba; amma yana karyata ɗaukar kowace motsi baya a matsayin aibu da ya kamata a cire kai tsaye. Schotter et al., 2014
Me ya sa wasu sassa suke jin sauri sosai
Sabawa da kalmomi da gogewar harshe suna canza buƙatun sarrafawa. Bincike kan yawaitar kalmomi a harshe na biyu da binciken ƙamus ya nuna dalilin da ya sa wata kalma da ba a sani ba ko harshe da ba a yi aiki da shi sosai zai iya jinkirta aikin. Wannan bai keɓe magana ta ciki a matsayin sanadi ba, ko da mai karatu ya fi lura da murya ta ciki a sassan da suke da wahala. Whitford et al., 2012 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Me ke yin tasiri a kai?
Me game da karanta da tsallake sassa?
Karanta da tsallake sassa na iya zama mai amfani idan manufa ita ce gano wani batu ko samun taƙaitaccen bayani. Yana ɗaukar ƙarancin bayanai kuma ya kamata a kimanta shi daidai da wannan manufa. Bitan karatu cikin sauri ya bambanta wannan aiki da cikakken fahimtar dukkan rubutun a wani sauri da ba a saba gani ba. Saurin tsallake sassa ba shaida ba ce cewa cikakkiyar fahimta ba ta canza ba. Rayner et al., 2016
Matsakaicin lambobi na manya ma yana da iyaka. Su taƙaitaccen ayyukan Turanci ne, tare da mahalarta da yawa masu ilimi, ba ƙa'idojin shekaru da shekaru na duk harsuna ba. Bai kamata a tantance yara, manya da suka tsufa da masu karatun harshe na biyu da matsakaici ɗaya ko da yadda muryarsu ta ciki ta yi shiru ba. Brysbaert, 2019
Me ake goyan bayan sa maimakon wata dabara ta danne magana?
Karanta abin da ya dace da manufa, duba fahimta kuma gina sabawa da harshe da batun. Bitan karatu yana goyon bayan gogewa da ƙwarewar harshe a matsayin abubuwan da suka dace, amma bai kafa takamaiman adadin yin aiki na gama gari ba ko tabbacin ƙaruwar sauri. Binciken yawan ƙamus ɗin da aka sani ma ya shafi nawa daga cikin rubutun nan aka sani, ba wata hanyar tsalle ta gaggawa ba. Rayner et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Don kwatancen kai, yi amfani da sassa da ba ka saba da su kuma kwatanta fahimta tare da lokaci. Idan wata hanya ta ƙara WPM yayin da take rage iyawarka ta bayyana rubutun, bayyana hakan a matsayin musanya. Rage muryar ciki a zahiri, shi kaɗai, ba shaida ba ce ta ingantaccen karatu. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Manufar da ta dace ita ce fahimtar abubuwan da suka dace cikin inganci mafi girma. Babu wata tushe da aka ambata da ta nuna cewa danne furta kalmomi a ciki yayin gwaji a burauza yana haifar da ƙaruwar hankali gaba ɗaya ko kuma kawar da iyakokin sarrafa harshe na karatu na dindindin. Rayner et al., 2016 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Gwada gwajin kyauta mai alaƙa
Gwajin saurin karatu
Gwada gwajin saurin karatu ba tare da tilasta wata dabarar danne da ba ka saba ba. Rubuta fahimta tare da sauri. Idan ka gwada yadda kake karatu, ɗauki sakamakon a matsayin kwatancen wani sashe ne kawai, ba ma'aunin da aka tabbatar na magana ta ciki ba.
Tambayoyin gama gari
Shin kasancewar murya ta ciki alama ce ta ƙarancin karatu?
Bitan bai goyi bayan wannan gamayyar shawara ba. Sarrafa harshe da ke da alaƙa da sauti da furta kowace kalma a fili abubuwa ne daban-daban. Rayner et al., 2016
Shin ya kamata in guje wa duba baya?
Ba a matsayin dokar gama gari ba. Wani gwaji da aka sarrafa ya gano cewa samun damar sake karantawa yana tallafa wa fahimta. Schotter et al., 2014
Shin zan iya horar da karanta da tsallake sassa daban?
I, amma ka kimanta shi a matsayin zaɓin ɗaukar bayanai don taƙaitaccen bayani ko manufar bincike, ba a matsayin tabbacin cewa ka fahimci kowane dalla-dalla a saurin da aka nuna ba. Rayner et al., 2016
Majiyoyi
- Brysbaert (2019). Kalmomi nawa muke karantawa a minti ɗaya? Bita da nazarin haɗaka kan saurin karatu.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Da yawa a karanta, kaɗan lokaci.
- Rayner (1998). Motsin ido wajen karatu da sarrafa bayanai: shekaru 20 na bincike..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Motsin ido wajen karatu da sarrafa bayanai: gadon shekaru 40 na Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Gogewar harshe na biyu tana canza tasirin yawaitar kalmomi a harshe na farko da na biyu: shaida daga ma'aunin motsin ido a karatun sakin layi na halitta.
- Nation (2006). Ƙamus nawa ake buƙata don karatu da sauraro?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Kada ka gaskata abin da ka karanta (sau ɗaya kawai).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Kalmomi nawa muka sani? Kimomi na aiki na girman ƙamus da suka dogara da ma'anar kalma, yawan shigar da harshe da shekarun mahalarta.