Makin IQ 115, 130 da 145 suna cikin kashi nawa na matsayi?

Lissafin yana amfani da z = (maki − 100) / 15 da kuma daidaitaccen rarraba al'ada mai tarawa, wanda aka zagaye zuwa wurare biyu na goma. Matsakaicin 100 da SD 15 ka'idojin ma'auni ne da aka saba amfani da su. Littattafan jagora na ainihin gwaji su ne ke kayyade ka'idojin da suka dace, kewayon maki da fassarar; lanƙwan lissafi ta al'ada ba ta tabbatar da sabon gwaji ba. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020

Kashi na matsayi ba kason daidai ba ne

Kashi na matsayi ya shafi matsayin mutum a cikin rarraba da aka yi amfani da ita don kwatance. Ba ya nufin cewa mutum ya amsa wannan kashi na tambayoyi daidai ko kuma yana da wannan kashi na dukkan basira. Jagorar amfani da gwaji na buƙatar rukunin kwatance da aka tabbatar da shi da kuma hujjar fassarar makin da ake nufi. Idan babu waɗannan, kashi na matsayi na iya nuna kamar ya fi daidai fiye da yadda tushensa ya ba da izini. International Test Commission, 2001

Me ke canzawa da shekaru?

Ana daidaita IQ da shekaru: matsakaicin kwatance shi ne 100 a kowane rukunin shekaru bisa ma'aunin da aka saba. Yaro da babba na iya samun maki ɗaya da aka daidaita da shekaru yayin da suke amsa tambayoyi daban-daban ko kuma samun jimlar ɗanyen maki daban-daban. Don haka lissafin tsarin al'ada ba ya bayyana lanƙwan aikin rayuwa gaba ɗaya da ba a daidaita ba. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020

Ka'idojin kwatance kuma sun dogara da gwaji, yawan jama'a da lokaci. Binciken Raven ya nuna bambancin ka'idojin gwajin jeri a wurare daban-daban da kuma kan lokaci. Bai kamata a ɗauki maki daga kayan aiki ɗaya kamar kowane gwaji da teburin ka'idoji na tarihi suna da ma'auni iri ɗaya ba. Raven, 2000

Me ya sa wutsiya mafi nisa ta cancanci kulawa ta musamman

Ƙananan samfurori na ka'idoji ba su da ɗan bayani kai tsaye game da maki da ba su da yawa sosai. Don haka kashi na matsayi mai ban sha'awa a wutsiya na iya dogaro da zato na tsari da kuma abubuwan da aka lura. Jagorar amfani da gwaji na buƙatar hujja da ta dace da fassarar da ake yi, kuma rashin tabbas a cikin rahoton maki ya fi amfani fiye da ɗaukan lambar ƙarshe bayan goma a matsayin daidai. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020

Shin makin kacici-kacicin jeri yana bayyana IQ gaba ɗaya?

Carpenter da abokan aikinsa sun yi nazarin hanyoyin tunani a cikin matrices na Raven. Wannan yana ba da bayanin ka'ida game da wani muhimmin rukuni na ayyuka, ba izinin mayar da duk wani jimillar kacici-kacici na gida zuwa IQ gaba ɗaya da aka daidaita ba. Aiki kan tsarin aikin fahimi kuma ya yi gargaɗi kan ɗaukan cewa kowane aiki yana auna wani fanni ɗaya na iyawa. Carpenter et al., 1990 Hampshire et al., 2012

Menene game da sake gwaji da kuskuren aunawa?

Wani nazarin haɗakar bincike ya gano akwai haɓaka mai tsari a sakamakon sake gwaji a gwaje-gwajen iya fahimi. Don haka sakamakon gwajin da aka maimaita na iya nuna sanin da aka yi da kuma wasu bambance-bambance. Bincike kan amincin ma'auni ya ƙara da cewa makin ayyuka da bambance-bambance suna buƙatar a auna tabbacinsu kafin a ɗauke su a matsayin halayen mutum. Babu ɗayan waɗannan matsalolin da ake gyara ta hanyar nuna ƙarin lambobi na kashi na matsayi. Scharfen et al., 2018 Hedge et al., 2017

Don gwajin da aka tabbatar, yi amfani da rahotonsa, ka'idojin shekaru da tazarar amincewa. Don aikin kan layi na bincike, bar sakamakon a matakin da tabbatarwarsa ta goyi baya. Waɗannan misalai na lissafi suna bayyana ma'auni da aka saba; ba su ba da hujjar gaya wa ɗan wasa cewa ya fi wani kashi na mutane wayo ba. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020

Bambanci mai amfani shi ne tsakanin fahimtar yadda ake lissafin kashi na matsayi da samun hujjar cewa wani maki na kan wannan lanƙwasa. Dukansu suna da muhimmanci kafin yin kwatancen mutum. Neisser et al., 1996 International Test Commission, 2001