Muhimman hujjoji da lambobi
| Yanayin karatu | Adadin da aka yi amfani da shi | Lokacin da aka ƙididdige don kalmomi 1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Matsakaicin bita na rubutun gaskiya a shiru | 238 WPM | Minti 4 da daƙiƙa 12 |
| Matsakaicin bita na almara a shiru | 260 WPM | Minti 3 da daƙiƙa 51 |
| Matsakaicin bita na karatu da baki | 183 WPM | Minti 5 da daƙiƙa 28 |
| Misalin ƙaramin sauri | 175 WPM | Minti 5 da daƙiƙa 43 |
| Misalin babban sauri | 300 WPM | Minti 3 da daƙiƙa 20 |
Lokutan lissafi ne, an zagaye su zuwa daƙiƙa mafi kusa: an raba adadin kalmomi da WPM, sannan an ninka da 60. Ba su zama ma'aunin lokacin kammalawa da aka lura da shi ba don wata kasida ta musamman mai kalmomi 1,000. Bitan tushen ya haɗa bincike kan saurin karatu a kan rubutu da hanyoyi da yawa; matsakaicin sa na Turanci mafari ne masu amfani don yin shiri. Brysbaert, 2019
Karanta kasida ya bambanta da koyonta
Bai kamata a yi amfani da kiyasin karatu na yau da kullum na bitan ba a matsayin ƙayyadadden lokacin da aka tanada don yin karatu, duba hujja ko rubuta bayanai. Waɗannan ayyukan suna buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa da sake dubawa. Binciken motsin ido yana bayyana komawa baya da tsayawar ido masu canzawa a matsayin sassan karatu mai ma'ana maimakon lokaci da aka ɓata wanda dole a koyaushe a kawar da shi. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Wani gwaji da ya hana sake karanta mai amfani ya sami ƙarancin fahimta a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin gwajin. Wannan yana goyan bayan bambanta wucewa cikin rubutu da fahimtar shi, maimakon ayyana nasara kawai a matsayin isa kalmar ƙarshe cikin sauri. Schotter et al., 2014
Idan rubutun ba a sani ba ne ko kuma yana cikin wani harshe fa?
Karatu cikin harshe na biyu ya dogara ne da ƙwarewa da yawan saduwa da harshen. Bincike kan tasirin yawan bayyanar kalma ya nuna cewa gogewar harshe tana canza buƙatun sarrafawa. Ilimin ƙamus kuma yana shafar yadda ake iya isa ga sassan nassi, don haka adadin kalmomi ɗaya na iya buƙatar ƙoƙari dabam-dabam daga masu karatu daban-daban. Whitford et al., 2012 Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Me ke yin tasiri a kai?
Shin shekaru da jinsi suna ba da dalilin a ba da wani lokaci na daban?
Bitan ya bayar da ƙananan adadi ga yara, manya da suka tsufa da masu karatu cikin harshe na biyu, amma matsakaicin manya guda ɗaya ba ma'aunin mutum da aka daidaita da shekarunsa ba ne. Yawancin binciken sun haɗa da mahalarta masu ilimi, sau da yawa ɗalibai. Babu wata lambar daƙiƙa ta duniya da ta dogara da jinsi, wadda za a iya kare ta, da za a ƙara wa nassi mai kalmomi 1,000 daga wannan shaida. Brysbaert, 2019
Kalmomi ba su zama rukunin bayanai daidai ba a tsakanin harsuna. Bambance-bambancen tsawon kalma, tsarin kalma da tsarin rubutu kuma suna sa kwatanta WPM a tsakanin harsuna da wahala. Ga mai karatu mai amfani da harsuna da yawa, ka kwatanta ayyuka makamantan su cikin harshe ɗaya maimakon fassara ƙaramin WPM a matsayin ƙasan iyawa gabaɗaya. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Me zai iya sa kiyasin ya fi amfani?
Ka auna lokacin karanta wani nassi da ba ka sani ba mai matsayi makamancin haka, sannan ka duba abin da ka fahimta. Adadinka na aikin da aka daidaita zai iya zama mafi amfani wajen tsara lokaci fiye da matsakaicin jama'a, ko da yake samfurin gajere ɗaya har yanzu ba shi da tabbas. Ka ware lokacin karatu kawai daga lokacin hutu, rubuta sharhi da ɗaukar bayanai. Wannan lissafin shiri ne, ba ingantaccen kimantawar ganowa ba. Brysbaert, 2019
Bitan saurin karatu ya gano cewa ƙaruwar sauri mai yawa gabaɗaya yana rasa fahimta; karanta da sauri kawai na iya hidimar wata manufa ta dabam amma bai daidai da cikakken fahimta ba. Idan manufar ita ce kawai gano wani bayani, yin bincike cikin rubutu zai iya dacewa. Idan manufar ita ce koyo, ƙarin lokacin duba ma'ana ya kamata a haɗa cikin kiyasin. Rayner et al., 2016
Babu wani binciken da aka ambata da ya tabbatar da cewa wasa ko wani takamaiman na'urar auna lokaci yana sa masu karatu su fi wayo. Abin da za a iya aunawa shi ne yadda ake yi a kan takamaiman nassi, ƙarƙashin takamaiman umarni, tare da yin la'akari da fahimta tare da sauri. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Gwada gwajin kyauta mai alaƙa
Gwajin saurin karatu
Gwada gwajin saurin karatu a kan wani nassi da ba ka sani ba sannan ka amsa tambayoyin fahimtarsa. Yi amfani da sakamakon a matsayin kiyasin takamaiman aiki lokacin da kake shirin karatu makamancin haka. Ka ƙara lokaci na daban don rubuta bayanai ko karatu maimakon tsammanin kowane aiki zai dace da lissafin karatu kawai.
Tambayoyin gama gari
Menene dabarar lissafi?
Mintuna suna daidai da adadin kalmomi a raba da kalmomi a kowace minti. A 238 WPM, 1,000 a raba da 238 ya kai kusan minti 4.20, wato minti 4 da daƙiƙa 12. Brysbaert, 2019
Shin kiyasin ya haɗa da rubuta bayanai?
A'a. Lissafin ya shafi lokacin karatu a adadin da aka zaɓa; yin karatu da fitar da bayanai ayyuka ne na ƙari. Brysbaert, 2019
Shin zan iya rage lokacin da rabi ba tare da rasa fahimta ba?
Bitan saurin karatu ba ya goyan bayan hakan a matsayin wani alkawari na gabaɗaya. Ƙaruwar sauri mai yawa yawanci tana haɗa da raguwar fahimta. Rayner et al., 2016
Majiyoyi
- Brysbaert (2019). Kalmomi nawa muke karantawa a cikin minti ɗaya? Bita da nazarin haɗaɗɗiyar ƙididdigar saurin karatu.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Da yawan abin karatu, da ƙarancin lokaci.
- Rayner (1998). Motsin ido a cikin karatu da sarrafa bayanai: shekaru 20 na bincike..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Motsin ido a cikin karatu da sarrafa bayanai: gadon shekaru 40 na Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Gogewar harshe na biyu tana daidaita tasirin yawan kalmomi a harshe na farko da na biyu: shaida daga auna motsin ido na karanta sakin layi na yau da kullum.
- Nation (2006). Girman ƙamus nawa ake buƙata don karatu da sauraro?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Kada ka gaskata abin da ka karanta (sau ɗaya kawai).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Kalmomi nawa muka sani? Kiyasin aikace-aikace na girman ƙamus wanda ya dogara da ma'anar kalma, yawan fallasa ga harshe da shekarun mahalarta.