Muhimman hujjoji da lambobi
| Hanyar ba da maki a wannan binciken | Matsakaicin gaba | Matsakaicin baya |
|---|---|---|
| Matsakaicin dokar tsayawa ta gargajiya | lambobi 6.35 | lambobi 4.61 |
| Mafi girma a cikin cikakken gwajin | lambobi 6.77 | lambobi 5.19 |
| Ma'aunin matsakaicin tsawon da aka daidaita | lambobi 6.52 | lambobi 4.91 |
Teburin 6 na Woods da abokan aikinsa yana bayar da waɗannan ƙimomi. An gabatar da lambobin ta hanyar saurare ta amfani da hanyar kwamfuta. Wasan gani da ke nuna lamba gaba ɗaya yana amfani da yanayin gabatarwa da tunawa daban-daban, don haka waɗannan ba ƙa'idodin maki na Helibrain ba ne. Ko a cikin binciken, canza ma'auni yana canza tsawon da ake gani. Woods et al., 2010
Me juya jerin ke ƙarawa?
Tunar da gaba tana buƙatar riƙe abubuwa da tsarinsu. Tunar da baya tana canza tsarin fitarwa da ake buƙata kuma tana iya haɗawa da ƙarin sarrafawa ko dabarun dawo da bayanai. Tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar aiki yana bambanta ajiya ta wucin gadi daga hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa ko canza abin da aka riƙe, maimakon ɗaukar kowane aiki a matsayin kai tsaye daga ma'ajiya ɗaya. Baddeley, 2012 Conway et al., 2005
Wannan ba ya nufin bambancin baya a cire gaba tsattsauran adadi ne na aikin zartarwa. Takardar tsawon lambobi ta nuna dalilin da ya sa daidaiton ba da maki ke shafar wannan kwatancen. Dabaru, yanayin kurakurai da dokar tsayawa duk suna taimakawa wajen abin da bambancin ke wakilta. Woods et al., 2010
Me ya sa bakwai ba ƙa'ida ta kowa ba ce
Tattaunawar gargajiya ta Miller ta shafi bayanai da sake sanya su cikin tsari, ba tabbacin cewa kowane mutum yana tuna lambobi bakwai daidai ba. Bita ta Cowan daga baya ta yi la'akari da ƙaramin adadin gungu a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ke hana maimaitawa da haɗawa. Waɗannan bayanan suna amfani da iyakoki da raka'a daban-daban; babu ɗayansu da ya ba da dalilin cire wani adadi daidai daga kowane tsawon gaba don hango tsawon baya. Miller, 1956 Cowan, 2001
Me ke yin tasiri a kai?
Shekaru, ilimi da yadda ake gabatarwa suna da muhimmanci
Binciken tsawon lambobi na ƙa'ida ya duba shekaru da ilimi, amma samfurinsa na manya ba ƙa'ida ba ce ta tsawon rayuwa ga duk harsuna da hanyoyin gabatarwa ba. Bambancin shekaru a cikin wannan samfurin ba ya tabbatar da matakin kaso na burauza da aka daidaita bisa shekaru. Lambobin da ake ji su ma suna da tsarin gabatarwa na jere wanda ya bambanta da ganin lamba gaba ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya. Woods et al., 2010
Ilimin da aka tara na dogon lokaci na iya canza yadda ake ɓoye jerin. Rubuce-rubucen kan haɗawa sun bayyana yadda tsari ke sa jerin ya fi sauƙin matsewa, kuma wani sanannen misali na horo mai zurfi ya nuna babban ƙaruwar tsawon lambobi ta amfani da tsarin tunatarwa da aka koya. Waɗannan sakamakon ba su tabbatar da daidaitaccen ƙaruwa a kowane irin tunawa ba. Mathy et al., 2012 Ericsson et al., 1980
Yaya ya kamata a fassara bambancin mutum ɗaya?
Riƙe duka bayanin aikin da dokokin ba da maki. Sakamakon baya mai ƙasa ba shi kaɗai shaida ce ta cuta ba, kuma ba za a iya fassara bambancin mutum da ya fi na yau da kullum a asibiti ba tare da ma'auni da ƙa'idodin da suka dace ba. Bitar hanyoyin tsawon tana jaddada amfani da hanyoyin da aka bayyana sarai yayin yanke shawara game da ƙwaƙwalwar aiki. Conway et al., 2005
Hakanan ba lafiya ba ne a juya kowane tsawon zuwa wani matakin N-baya. Wani nazari na haɗakar bincike ya gano cewa ma'aunin N-baya da na tsawon ba za a iya musanya su ba, duk da cewa duk suna ɗauke da sunan ƙwaƙwalwar aiki. Aikin ya dogara da buƙatun gane, sabuntawa da tunawa na aikin. Redick et al., 2013
Don bin diddigin da ba na hukuma ba, kwatanta gaba da gaba da baya da baya a ƙarƙashin yanayin gabatarwa ɗaya. Idan ka canza dabarar haɗawa, lura da wannan canjin. Mafi kyawun maki na iya nuna ingantacciyar hanya don wannan abu maimakon faɗaɗa ƙarfin tunawa gaba ɗaya. Woods et al., 2010 Mathy et al., 2012
Gwada gwajin kyauta mai alaƙa
Gwajin tuna lambobi
Gwada gwajin tuna lambobi a matsayin aikin tunawa na gani. Ya kamata a fassara sakamakonsa ta amfani da umarninsa; ba hanyar saurare ta gaba da baya da ke cikin tebur ba ce. Kada ka yi amfani da bambancin da aka buga a matsayin maƙasudin ganewar asali.
Tambayoyin gama gari
Shin rata da ake tsammani daidai lambobi biyu ne?
A'a. Matsakaicin bambancin ma'aunin gargajiya na binciken ya kasance lambobi 1.74, kuma wasu ma'auni sun ba da bambance-bambance daban. Wannan ba ƙa'ida ta mutum ba ce. Woods et al., 2010
Shin tsawon baya da ya fi tsayi zai iya faruwa?
Sakamakon mutane da dabaru na iya bambanta. Matsakaicin rukuni ba ya tabbatar da wani tsari da ake buƙata ga kowane gwaji ɗaya. Woods et al., 2010
Za a iya juya tsawon lambobi zuwa N-baya?
Babu wani ingantaccen juyi da ya biyo daga waɗannan majiyoyin; ayyukan ba ma'auni masu musanyawa ba ne. Redick et al., 2013
Majiyoyi
- Woods et al. (2010). Inganta auna tsawon lambobi na ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan lokaci ta baki.
- Cowan (2001). Lambar ban mamaki 4 a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan gajeren lokaci: sake duba ƙarfin ajiya na tunani.
- Miller (1956). Lambar ban mamaki bakwai, da ƙari ko ragi biyu: wasu iyaka kan ƙarfin sarrafa bayanai..
- Baddeley (2012). Ƙwaƙwalwar aiki: ka'idoji, tsari da rigingimu.
- Conway et al. (2005). Ayyukan tsawon ƙwaƙwalwar aiki: bita kan hanya da jagora ga mai amfani.
- Redick et al. (2013). Ma'aunin tsawon sarƙaƙƙiya da N-baya na ƙwaƙwalwar aiki: nazari na haɗakar bincike.
- Ericsson et al. (1980). Samun ƙwarewar tunawa.
- Mathy et al. (2012). Me ke ban mamaki game da lambobin ban mamaki? Haɗawa da matse bayanai a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan gajeren lokaci.