Daliilu mawɗi e limooje
| No feere ndee | Ko nde ƴamdata | Ko jaabawol moƴƴol hollata |
|---|---|---|
| Anndugol | Seernde walla anndude kelme walla maana | Anndal reende e nder ɗaɓɓitannde ndee |
| Siftorgol e ɗowtugol walla huutorgol | Heɓde kaalal walla maana e laawol dokkal | Heɓde ɗowtugol ɓurɗo e nder ndee feere |
| Haala e hakkille | Suɓaade e waɗde ɗemngal e nder ɗaɗi | Jaɓɓitorde nde ɓeydi e kumpital kelme e paɗe goɗɗe |
Ndeeɗam Webb huutoriima feere firtugol reende e huutorde ɗe jokki e cuɓoraaɗe, tee limti jaabawuuji e ɗeeɗe anndal ceertuɗe. Ndeeɗam mum hollaani jokkondiral tabitangal hakkunde kumpital huutorde e reende. E ɗum, ceertuɗe limtugol anndal ko fannu walla timmungal hollata ko maana anndude kelme waylata natal ceertuɗe ɗee. Webb, 2008
Hol ko anndugol ɓurti weeɓde?
Ƴamre waawi hokke humpito ngo alaa e feere heɓde kelme tawa alaa ɗowtorgal. Laufer e Goldstein seerndina anndal kelme e dow semmbe mum e feere ƴeewtagol, wondude e anndugol e siftorgol. Ndeen laawol waawi faaminde ko waɗi suɓaade maana anndaaɗo wonaa wano sosde kelme e yaawde tuma haala. Laufer et al., 2004
Limtol kumpital kelme kadi fawii e ko limtata. Winndere mawnde dow kumpital kelme Engeleere seerndina kelme winndaaɗe, leemaaɗe e pelle kelme ɗiɗi jokkondiri. Anndude banngeji kelme ɗi waylata e ɗemngal wonaa ko anndude limtol gooto e leksik ɗi ceertuɗi. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Kumpital kelme reende mawnde walla walla janngude?
Ɗum waawi waɗde ɓurɗum e binndi heɓaade, kono heennde kelme nde binndi huutoraani ko limtol timmungal faamde. Nation ƴeewta ko pelle kelme ɗuuɗɗe ndokkata binndi e haala, Schmitt e yimɓe mum kadi njiyii jokkondiral ɗowndiral hakkunde ndeftere kelme anndaaɗe e faamde. Alaa waylude e jaajol nde limtol kumpital kelme waylata e faamde timmunde. Nation, 2006 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Hol ko waɗata ɗum?
Hol no exposure e ɗaɓɓitaare waɗirtee e haala laaɓtungal
Ndeeɗam Webb eɗa ƴeewta no ɗowtugol janngol kelme ɗuumɗuum waɗirta e banngeji ceertuɗi anndal kelme. Ndeeɗam ndee ina walla seerndinde janngude anndal ko fannu e heɓde anndal timmungal; ndee tabitintaaki limtol tabitangal ɗowtugol ɗe waɗata kelme fof heɓaade e haala e hakkille. Caɗeele kelme, ngonka e feere janngugol ena njogi ɗaɓɓitannde. Webb, 2007
Ndeeɗam dow limtol kumpital kelme hollata jokkondiral e duuɓi e janngugol, tee eɗa faaminta ɗowtugol timmungal ko dalil. Ɗee natal ɗe njiyataaɗi mbaɗataa limtol yeeso nde neɗɗo janngata ñalnde kala walla foti reentoore nde jokkondiri e ɓeydital kumpital kelme huutorde. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Hol no duuɓi, rewɓe/gorko e ɗemngal ngoni?
Ceertuɗe hakkunde anndugol e sosde haala huutortee e sosde feere ƴeewtagol, kono ndeeɗam ɗe nokkuure janngugo ɗee njoorti limtol jokkondirɗo duuɓi walla rewɓe e gorko. Ɗemngal aranol, ko ɗemngal ɓurɗo anndude, e keɓe kelme ɗe ƴeewti ɗum ena waylita faamde. Limtuuji Engeleere poti waawaa huutoreede hono ɗii e ɗemle goɗɗe ɗe sosɗe kelme e laabi limtugol ceertuɗi. Webb, 2008 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Yaawde janngude kadi ena wayli e ɗemngal e e ko janngata. Jaabawol janngugol ɓurtungol e leela walla haala ɓurtungal e ɗaɓɓitaare alaa ɗum faamde fuu e limtol kumpital kelme gooto. Faamde e sosde haala ina ɗaɓɓita golle goɗɗe. Brysbaert, 2019 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Ko honɗun waawi limteede e goonga?
Huutoro feere nde jokkondiri e ƴamre maa. Ƴeewtagol anndugol waawi rewde anndugol e ƴamre ɗee; feere sosde haala ena sokli ngam ƴeewtaade ɗowtugol banngeji kelme e ngonka nde ƴeewtata. So aɗa ndaarndooji ɗiɗi, humpito e laabi limtugol ɗi poti nanndude. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Janngude ɗowtugol waawi wallude e ƴamre ɗowtugol, kono ɗeeɗam ɗee hokkataa laawol tabitangal jaajol ngam haala yaawɗo. Ko jaabawol goonga ko ɓeydital e bannge anndal kelme teddungal, wonaa jaabawol ɗowtugol reende gooto hollata ko mbaaw-ɗaa wi'ude, faamde walla siftorde fof. Webb, 2007 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Ƴeewto ƴeewtagol enaado jokkondirngal e ɗum
Ƴeewtagol kumpital kelme
Ƴeewto ƴeewtagol kumpital kelme hono ƴeewtagol anndugol kelme tee janngo faamde mum ndee e laabi limtugol. Ɗum ƴeewtataa kumpital maa fuu e haala huutorde walla waɗata haala limtol tabitangal hakkunde anndugol e sosde haala.
Naamne keewɗe
Kumpital kelme reende ena ɓuri kumpital huutorde hono pelle ɗiɗi?
Alaa jokkondiral tabitangal. Ceertuɗe njiyataama ena wayli e kelme, feere ƴeewtagol e ɗeeɗe anndal ɗe ɗaɓɓitata. Webb, 2008
Anndude kelme ina firti mi anndi nde timmunde?
Ɗum hollata anndal nde ƴamre ndee ɗaɓɓitata. Siftorgol, faamde maana e huutoraade e ngonka ena mbaawi ɗaɓɓita humpito goɗɗo. Laufer et al., 2004
Limtol kumpital kelme maa holla faamde janngugol?
Ɗum waawi hokkude humpito, kono heennde kelme anndaaɗe e faamde ɗee ko limtuuji ɗi jokkondiri, kono ɗi nanndaani. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Daliilu
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Hol kelme ɗuuɗɗe annduɗen? Limtuuji huutorɗi kumpital kelme, ɗi jokkondiri e sifaa kelme, heennde ɗemngal e duuɓi neɗɗo.
- Nation (2006). Limtol kumpital kelme ɗo janngugol e nanngugol ɗaɓɓitata ko honɗun?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Ƴeewtagol anndal kelme: limtol, semmbe e waylitannde kompiyuutar.
- Webb (2008). LIMTOL KUMPITAL KELME REENDE E HUUTORDE E ƁIYƊO ƊEMNGAL L2.
- Webb (2007). No ɗowtugol waylirta anndal kelme.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Hol kelme ɗuuɗɗe ngoni e binndi janngugol Engeleere?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Hol kelme ɗuuɗɗe njanngen e hojom? Ƴeewtagol e meta-njiytol yaawde janngugol.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Porsentaj kelme binndi anndaaɗe e faamde janngugol.
Hollit hello ngoo iwdi: Hol ko mi waawi anndude kelme ɗe mi waawaa huutude so mi haalata?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ff/answers/receptive-vs-productive-vocabulary. CC BY 4.0.
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