Daliilu mawɗi e limooje
| Ko ƴeewtagol ngal holli | Njoɓdi | Ko ɓuri waɗde ɗum |
|---|---|---|
| Jaŋɓe Engeleere e ƴeewtagol Hirai, leñol ɓuri faamde | 139 WPM | Jaabii no feewi ɓuri 75% e naamne |
| Ƴeewtagol gootol, leñol goɗngol | 61 WPM | Faamde ɗi wayi |
| Ƴeewtagol novel e hakkunde yimɓe ɗiɗi ɗemngal, Holannde–Engeleere | 17% yaawɗi seeɗa e L2 | Yimɓe e golle cuɓaaɗe tan |
Ɗee humpitooji ko ɓeyditaaɗi e nokku ƴeewtagol ngal haali jangoowo'en wonaa jaŋɓe ɗemngal mum. Ƴeewtagol ngal siifii no feewi wonde limoore e ƴeewtagol novel ngal heɓaaɗe ndee mbaawaa addude limoore WPM nde mbaawtaa yerondirde ɗo e ɗo. Hakkilitaare ndee ina nafii: 17% ɗum fotaani huutoreede hono limoore ɓeyditirnde e kala jannginoowo ɗemngal goɗngal. Brysbaert, 2019
Hol ko waɗi anndal ɗemngal ɓuri innde L2
Heɓugol ɗemngal goɗngal waylata no kelme ɗe ngona e hakkille, e nder ɗum no neɗɗo faama kelme ɓurɗe heewde. Ƴeewtagol Whitford e Titone ƴeewtata ɗee waylude e yiyde yeeso e nder janngugol taabal. Ko waɗi yimɓe ɗiɗo jogiiɓe ɗemɗe aranooɗe e ɗiɗaɓe ɗi wootere mbaawi heɓde caɗeele faamde ɗe mbaɗi, sabu heɓugol ɗemngal e anndal ɗiɗi ɗi wayi. Whitford et al., 2012
Anndal kelme kadi ko e nder ɗum. Ƴeewtagol heɓugol kelme naamnata no heewi kelme e nder binndi keeriiɗi ɗe jangoowo anndi; limtugol heewugol kelme kadi waylata sabu no limtortee kelme, juulɗe kelme walla leñi kelme. Limoore kelme tan waawaa hollude so neɗɗo waawi janngude binndi fof no weeɓi. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Hol ko waɗi WPM waawaa yerondinde ɗemɗe e ɗeɗe
Ɗemɗe ɗeɗi huutora kelme winndaaɗe ɗe mbaɗi ko nanndu e hakkille. Juulɗe kelme, no ɗe mbaɗiraa e ɗemngal e binndi ɗiɗi ina wayla banndu nde limtortee. Ƴeewtagol yaawde janngugol e yiyde yeeso ɗiɗi ɗi hollataa ko WPM lesɗo e ɗemngal goɗngal innirta hakkille lesɗo walla miijitagol yaawɗo e kala ɗum. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Hol ko waɗata ɗum?
Caɗeele binndi e bolle golle waylata njoɓdi
Janngugol ngam weltaade, janngugol ngam janngude e yiytude humpito ɗi ko golle ceertuɗe. Ƴeewtagol yiyde yeeso ina holli no caɗeele kelme e faamde waylata no jangoowo ɗaɓɓitata humpito e yiyde. Taariindi anndaaɗi e binndi teknikal anndaani ɗi fotaani yeƴƴinde hono ƴeewndo gooto ngam yaawde janngugol tabitunde. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Yiytude yeeso e nder janngugol waawi wallude jangoowo heɓde faamde e nokku ɗo ɗum moƴƴaani. Ƴeewtagol e laawol ɗaɓɓitaaki janngugol kadi ina holli wonde haɗde janngugol kadi ina bonna faamde; ɗum waɗi hakkilitaare ngam hoto yeƴƴin kala ɗaɓɓitaande walla ruttugol e L2 hono ko poti haɗde. E nder sahaa ɓeyditaaɗo ɗum ina walla faamde. Schotter et al., 2014
Eɗen mbaawi udditde yaawde ɗum e nder janngugol?
Ƴeewtagol ɗiɗi ɗi holli no heɓugol ɗemngal e anndal kelme no feewi ngoodi e nafugol; kono ɗi tabitnaani limre sahaa nde yimɓe fof sokli ngam heɓde yaawde janngugol ɗemngal aranol. Ɗee misaluuji ɗi renndinaa e ƴeewtagol ɗi ceertuɗi kadi mbaawaa addude yeeso janngugol goonga, fawaande e duuɓi e jinsi. Ɓeydugol ina poti ƴeewteede e golle nannduɗe e ɗemɗe ɗe nannduɗe. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Huutoro binndi ɗi keewaani janngude, ƴeewto faamde, tee winndito ɗemngal e faandaare ndee kala nde a limta sahaa. Janngugol binndi weeɓɗo e yaawde ina waawi nafde, kono ɗum tan hollataa wonde paɗe janngugol ɓeydiima no nanndiri e binndi ɓurɗo caɗi. Yerondiral nafungal ina haɗa caɗeele e faandaare ɗe nannduɗe. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
Jaabawol golle mum ko mbaawɗe ɗe mbaɗi ceertuɗe, wonaa limoore gootere nde waɗetee e kala neɗɗo. Njoɓdi 139, 61 e 17% ɗi winndaaɗi ina holli no yimɓe e golle ɗe nafata. Ɗe poti wallude faamde ceertuɗe, wonaa waɗde tabitorde kesere nde jaŋɓe fof poti heɓde. Brysbaert, 2019
Ƴeewto ƴeewtagol enaado jokkondirngal e ɗum
Ƴeewtagol yaawde janngude
Ƴeewto yaawde janngugol e ɗemngal nde a anndi, tee huutor naamne faamde ɗee. Hoto hawrondir njoɓdi ɗemɗe ceertuɗe. Limoore ƴeewtagol Engeleere ɗee ko humpito ngam faamde ɗum tan, wonaa ko ɗe pota yeƴƴineede ngam waajude anndal ɗemngal maa walla IQ maa.
Naamne keewɗe
So mi janngii e L2 no ɓuri leelude laabi ɗiɗi, ɗum tawi wonaa ko feewi?
Ɗee ƴeewtagol ɗi tabitnaani ceerturol laabi nde poti ɗaɓɓitde e neɗɗo. Anndal ɗemngal, caɗeele binndi e faandaare golle ɗee mbaɗi no heewi. Brysbaert, 2019
Mi waawi yerondinde WPM Engeleere e WPM ɗemngal goɗngal?
Eey, kono hakkilito no banndu winndorde e humpito kelme ɗe ceertu. WPM tan fotaani ngam yerondinde ɗemɗe e laawol ngol huutoraaki ɗemngal. Brysbaert, 2019
A poti mi waɗde am hoto ruttito janngugol?
Hoto faw ɗum e miijoo wonde ruttugol kala ina bonna. Janngitaade kadi ina waawi wallude faamde, ɗum poti ƴeewteede wondude e yaawde. Schotter et al., 2014
Daliilu
- Brysbaert (2019). Hol kelme jangoɗen e miniti? Ƴeewtagol e renndo njoɓdi yaawde janngugol.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Ko heewi ngam janngude, sahaa toko.
- Rayner (1998). Yiyde yeeso e janngugol e huutoraade humpito: ƴeewtagol duuɓi 20.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Yiyde yeeso e janngugol e huutoraade humpito: duuɓi 40 golle Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Heɓugol ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal waylata njoɓdi kelme heewɗe e ɗemngal aranol e ɗiɗaɓal: ƴeewtagol yiyde yeeso e janngugol binndi jokkondirɗi.
- Nation (2006). Hol heewugol kelme cokluɗe ngam janngude e nande?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Hoto koolo ko jangoɗaa (laabi gootol tan).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Hol no kelme keewi anndude? Ƴeewtagol yaawɗo heewugol kelme fawaande e no kelme kollirtee, no heewi heɓde ɗemngal e duuɓi yimɓe.
Hollit hello ngoo iwdi: Hol no janngugol e ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal ɓurti seɗɗa?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ff/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
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