Obujulizi obukulu n'ennamba
| Obujulizi obunnyonnyolwa mu kwekenneenya | Ebyavaamu | Ekikugira ennyinyonnyola |
|---|---|---|
| Abayizi ba Hirai abasoma Olungereza, ekibinja ekyategeera ebibuuzo obulungi | 139 WPM | Baaddamu obulungi ebibuuzo ebisukka mu 75% |
| Ekibinja ekirala mu kunoonyereza kwe kumu | 61 WPM | Baali baawukana mu ngeri gye baategeeramu ebibuuzo |
| Kunoonyereza ku bantu abayogera Oludaaki n'Olungereza, nga basoma ebitabo | Baatwala obudde obusingako 17% mu L2 | Abantu n'omulimu eby'enjawulo ebya kunoonyereza kuno |
Ebyavaamu bino byogerwako mu kitundu ky'okwekenneenya ekikwata ku basomi abatalina lulimi olwo ng'olusooka. Okwekenneenya kuno kwogera butereevu nti ebibalo by'okunoonyereza ku bitabo tebimala kubalirira sipiidi ya WPM entuufu eyinza okugeraageranyizibwa. Ekikugiro kino kikulu: ebitundu 17% tebirina kukozesebwa ng'ekipimo eky'okutereeza ku buli ayiga olulimi. Brysbaert, 2019
Lwaki obukugu mu lulimi bukulu okusinga olulimi okuba L2
Okumala ebbanga ng'omuntu ayiga olulimi olw'okubiri kikyusa engeri gy'ategeeramu ebigambo, nga mw'otwalidde n'okufaayo ku mirundi gye birabikamu. Kunoonyereza kwa Whitford ne Titone kwetegereza ebiva mu kino nga bakozesa okutambula kw'amaaso ng'abantu basoma obutundu. N'olwekyo, abantu babiri abalina olulimi lwe baasooka n'olw'okubiri lwe lumu bayinza okuba n'obuzibu obw'enjawulo mu kutegeera ebigambo olw'enjawulo mu kweyongera kwabwe ku lulimi n'obukugu bwabwe. Whitford et al., 2012
Okumanya ebigambo kitundu ku mbeera eno. Okunoonyereza ku kigero ky'ebigambo omusomi by'amanyi mu kiwandiiko kutunuulira ebigambo ebiri mu kiwandiiko ekyo, ate okubalirira obunene bw'ebigambo omuntu by'amanyi kwesigama ku kuba nti obala empandika, emizi gy'ebigambo oba ebika byabyo. Okubalirira ng'obaze ebigambo byokka tekusobola kulagula busomi bwangu mu buli kiwandiiko. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Lwaki WPM tesobola kugeraageranya nnimi butereevu
Ennimi ez'enjawulo zikozesa obungi bw'ebigambo ebyawukana okwogera ku mawulire agageraageranyizibwa. Obuwanvu bw'ekigambo, enkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'ebigambo n'ennukuta ezikozesebwa bikosa ekintu ekibalibwa. N'olwekyo, okwekenneenya ku sipiidi y'okusoma n'okutambula kw'amaaso tekukakasa nti WPM entono mu lulimi olulala kitegeeza obwongo obutono oba okulowooza okutambula mpola okutwaliza awamu. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kiki ekikosa kino?
Obuzibu bw'ebiwandiiko n'ebiragiro by'omulimu bikyusa ebyavaamu
Okusoma okusanyuka, okusoma okuyiga n'okunoonya ekintu ekimu bye mirimu egy'enjawulo. Kunoonyereza ku kutambula kw'amaaso kulaga engeri obuzibu bw'ebigambo n'obwetaavu bw'okutegeera gye bikosaamu ekyo amaaso kye gatunuulira. Ebyafaayo ebimanyiddwa n'ekiwandiiko eky'ekikugu ekitamanyiddwa tebisaana kuyisibwa ng'ebipimo ebibiri ebikyusa sipiidi emu ey'okusoma etakyuka. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Okuddayo ku bigambo ebyasomeddwa kuyinza okuyamba omusomi okumalawo obutakakasa. Obujulizi obwava mu kugezesa obulaga nti okuziyiza okuddamu okusoma kifiiriza okutegeera butukubira obwegendereza obutayisa buli kuyimirira oba kuddayo mu kusoma L2 ng'obutakola bulungi obulina okuggyibwawo. Ebiseera ebirala biyinza okwetaagisa okuyamba omuntu okutegeera. Schotter et al., 2014
Okutendekebwa kuyinza okukendeeza ku njawulo?
Okwekenneenya kuno kukakasa obukulu bw'obumanyirivu mu lulimi n'okutegeera ebigambo obulungi, naye tekulagawo mu ngeri ya bonna essaawa mmeka ezetaagisa okusoma mu lulimi olw'okubiri okutuuka ku sipiidi y'olulimi olusooka. Era ebyokulabirako bino ebyava mu kunoonyereza okw'enjawulo tebiyinza kukozesebwa kulagula bikolwa bya kutendekebwa okusinziira ku myaka n'obutonde bw'omuntu mu ngeri entuufu. Ekyeyongera kipime mu mirimu n'embeera z'ennimi ezigeraageranyizibwa. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Kozesa ebiwandiiko ebipya ebisaanira, kebera oba otegedde, era owandiike olulimi n'ekigendererwa ky'okupima buli mulundi. Okusoma ekiwandiiko ekyangu amangu kuyinza okuyamba, naye kyokka tekiraga nti obusobozi bw'okusoma bweyongedde mu kigero kye kimu ku biwandiiko ebizibu. Okugeraageranya okw'amakulu kukozesa ebiwandiiko ebifaanagana mu buzibu n'ekigendererwa. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
N'olwekyo, eky'okuddamu ekikozeseka kiraga ebisoboka eby'enjawulo, so si kigero kimu eky'okukubisaamu. Ebyavaamu ebya 139, 61 ne 17% ebyasindikibwa biraga engeri abantu n'omulimu gye bikosaamu. Biyambe okutegeera enjawulo, so si kuteekawo kigero ekipya eky'abayiga bonna. Brysbaert, 2019
Gezaako ekigezo eky'obwereere ekikwatagana n'ensonga eno
Ekigezo ky'embiro z'okusoma
Gezaako ekigezo ky'embiro z'okusoma mu lulimi lw'otegeera era oddemu ebibuuzo by'okutegeera. Ebivudde mu nnimi ez'enjawulo bibike mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Ebitabo by'okunoonyereza mu Lungereza biwa mbeera ya kubitegeeramu, si ngeri ya kubikyusaamu okupima obukugu bwo mu lulimi oba IQ.
Ebibuuzo ebibuuzibwa ennyo
Okusoma mu L2 okuba kwa mpola emirundi ebiri tekwa bulijjo?
Okunoonyereza kuno tekuteekawo mugerageranyo ogulaga nti sipiidi y'omuntu ssi ya bulijjo. Obukugu mu lulimi, obuzibu bw'ekiwandiiko n'ekigendererwa ky'omulimu byawukana nnyo, n'olwekyo tewali kyakusalawo ng'ekyo. Brysbaert, 2019
Nsobola okugeraageranya WPM y'Olungereza n'ey'olulimi olulala?
Kisoboka singa ofaayo ku njawulo mu bungi bw'ebigambo ebibikkibwa n'amawulire agali mu buli kigambo. WPM yokka si kipimo ekisobola okugeraageranya ennimi zonna awatali kwetegereza njawulo. Brysbaert, 2019
Nneesindike obutaddamu kusoma?
Kikole nga okimanyi nti si buli kuddayo kusoma nti kulina obulabe. Okuddamu okusoma kuyinza okuyamba okutegeera, era kino kyetaaga okupimibwa awamu ne sipiidi. Schotter et al., 2014
Ensibuko
- Brysbaert (2019). Tusoma bigambo bimeka buli ddakiika? Okwekenneenya n'okubala okwegatta ku sipiidi y'okusoma.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Ebingi eby'okusoma, obudde butono nnyo.
- Rayner (1998). Entambula y'amaaso mu kusoma n'okutegeera amawulire: emyaka 20 egy'okunoonyereza.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Entambula y'amaaso mu kusoma n'okutegeera amawulire: emyaka 40 egya Keith Rayner egy'ekikugu.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Obumanyirivu mu lulimi olw'okubiri bukyusa engeri ebigambo ebiyitiramu mu lulimi olusooka n'olw'okubiri gye bikosaamu: obujulizi obuva mu bipimo by'entambula y'amaaso ng'okusoma obutundu obwa bulijjo.
- Nation (2006). Bunene ki obw'ebigambo obwetaagisa okusoma n'okuwuliriza?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Towooze nti buli ky'osoma omulundi gumu kiba kituufu.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Tumanyi bigambo bimeka? Okubalirira okw'omugaso okw'obungi bw'ebigambo omuntu by'amanyi okusinziira ku ngeri ekigambo gye kinnyonnyolwamu, obungi bw'olulimi oluyingira n'emyaka gy'oyo eyeetabye mu kunoonyereza.
Juliza olupapula luno: Okusoma mu lulimi olw'okubiri kuba kwa mpola kutya?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/lg/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
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