Isallen agejdan d yimḍanen
| Anaw n twuri | Acu i d-yettesteqsi | D acu i d-yettmeslay tririt tameɣtut |
|---|---|---|
| Tifin | Af-d neɣ ssneɣ awal neɣ anamek | Tamusni tarɣezt ilmend n usteqsi-nni |
| Cfu s tallelt neɣ asefrek | Err-d talɣa neɣ anamek seg usmekti | Tuɣalin i yellan d taɣezfant deg twuri-nni |
| Ahedder s wudem n ususru | Fren sakin d-sufɣ awal deg usatal | Tazmert i yebḍan gar umawal d tzemmar-nniḍen |
Tazrawt n Webb tesqeddec talɣiwin yemṣadan n usuqel i tmusni tarɣezt d tarẓiɣt, syin tettwasmiḍen tririt deg yiswiren yemgaraden n tmusni. Afriwen-ines mačči d amya amatu i umawal amiran d umawal arɣez. S umata, amgired gar usmiḍen n tmusni tusridt d tmusni yemmden yemmal-d belli amek ara t-neḥseb awal yettbeddil amgired i yettbanen. Webb, 2008
Acuɣer tettban-d tifin d tifsas
Asteqsi yezmer ad yefk talɣut ur d-yettak ara usmekti war tallelt. Laufer d Goldstein bedren tamusni n umawal ilmend n tezmert d talɣa n usekyed, gar-asent tifin d cfu. Tarrayt-nni tettɛawan ad nefhem acuɣer afran n unamek yettwasnen ur yemṣada ara d usufeɣ n wawal s tɣawla deg udiwenni. Laufer et al., 2004
Tiddi n umawal tebḍa daɣen ɣef wayen ara neḥseb. Tazrawt tameqqrant ɣef umawal n teglizit tessemgired gar talɣiwin tira, lemmas d twaculin n wawalen agejdanen. Tussna n kra n talɣiwin n wawal ur d-tesɛi ara s wazal-is tussna n yiwen n umḍan n yiferdisen imawalan ilelli. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Ma yella umawal ameqran arɣez yettɛawan deg tɣuri?
Yezmer ad yerr ugar n uḍris d ameẓlu i tɣuri, maca tazmert n wawalen n uḍris mačči d agzam ummid n tegzi. Nation yesleḍ acḥal n twaculin n wawalen i yessemlilen ugar n yiḍrisen yettwarun d wid yettwaḥedren, ma Schmitt d yimdukkal-is ufan assaɣ i yettḍefṛen s wudem amezwaru gar wawalen yettwassnen d tegzi. Ur yelli ara ubeddel awurman seg umḍan n umawal ɣer tegzi tameddurt. Nation, 2006 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Acu i t-ittḥaz?
Acuɣer ilaq ad d-nini s leḥder ɣef uselmed d uselmed s useqdec
Tazrawt n Webb ɣef wallus n uselmed tesqeddec amek ttidirin yellan yettɛettiben timsirin yemgaraden n tmusni n wawalen. Tettɛawan ad nessemgired gar ulmad tusridt d tussna yemmden; ur tesbeyyen ara amḍan amatu n wallusen ara yerren yal awal yettwaselken deg uhedder s wudem n ususru. Taɛkemt n wawal, asatal d twuri n ulmad mazal sɛan azal. Webb, 2007
Tazrawt ɣef tiddi n umawal temmeslay-d ɣef yiseɣwan d temsislit, u tettmeslay ɣef uselmed akkud wakud d taseddi n wallus d asefhem. Iɣewwaren-nni yettwasemresen s usenqed ur ilaq ara ad ttwasenfel ɣer tazmert n ulmad n yal ass ara yettwasmiḍen neɣ d lemɛahda belli kra n tɣuri tesɛedda ad d-tefk ad d-yernu umawal amiran s umḍan yettwasnen. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Acu ɣef leɛmer, tuẓẓumt d tutlayt?
Amgired gar tifin d usufeɣ n wawal yerza talɣa n twuri, maca tizrawin n yiselmaden i d-yettwabedren ur d-fkin ara amya amatu ibeddlen ilmend n leɛmer neɣ tuẓẓumt. Tutlayt tamezwarut, aswir n tutlayt d tagmi n wawalen yettbeddilen anamek. Ismiḍanen n teglizit ur ilaq ara ad ttwasenqden akken llan ɣer tutlayin-nniḍen yesɛan talɣa n wawal d tarrayt n usmiḍen yemgaraden. Webb, 2008 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Arured n tɣuri yettbeddil daɣen ilmend n tarmit n tutlayt d yiswi. Tifin n tɣuri i yellan d tɣawla neɣ asefrek n uhedder i yellan d aɣezzfan ur yezmir ara ad yettwasegzu s umḍan kan n umawal. Tegzi d usufeɣ n wawal sɛan daɣen anagar n usmekti. Brysbaert, 2019 SCHMITT et al., 2011
D acu i yezmer ad yili d asmiḍen s wudem amsellel?
Seqdec tawuri i yemṣadan d usteqsi. Asteqsi n tifin yezmer ad ismiḍen tifin ilmend n yisteqsiyen-is; tawuri n usufeɣ ilaq-itt i usekyed n tuɣalin n talɣiwin deg usatal yettwasenqden. I wakken ad ten-snemgired ilaq ad ilin yisallen yemṣadan d tarrayin n usmiḍen yettwabedren s wudem afessas. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Asekyed n tuɣalin n wawal yezmer ad yili d ayen ilaqen i yiswi n tuɣalin, maca tizrawin-a ur d-ttaken ara ahil n tɣawla n uhedder yettwagelmen. Afriwen i yellan d tidet d asnerni deg yiwet n tɣawsa yettwabedren n tmusni n wawalen, mačči d claim belli yiwen n usmiḍen arɣez yemmal-d akk ayen i tzemreḍ ad tiniḍ, ad tefheḍ neɣ ad tcfuḍ. Webb, 2007 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Ɛreḍ asekyed baṭel icudden ɣer waya
Asekyed n wawalen
Ɛreḍ asekyed n wawalen am twuri n tifin n wawalen, sakin ɣer-d asefhem-is n usmiḍen d usenqed. Ur ismiḍen ara akk umawal-ik i uhedder amiran, neɣ yessismel ara amya ibeddel gar tifin d usufeɣ.
Isteqsiyen yettwassnen
Ma d tidet, amawal arɣez yugar amawal amiran s sin n yiberdan?
Ulac amya amatu yettwabedren. Amgired i yettbanen yettbeddil ilmend n wawalen, talɣa n twuri d uswir n tmusni i ilaqen. Webb, 2008
Ma tifin n wawal yemmal-d belli ssneɣ-t s umata?
Tettmeslay-d ɣef tmusni i d-yettas d usteqsi-nni. Cfu, talɣa n unamek d useqdec deg usatal zemren ad sreqden talɣut-nniḍen. Laufer et al., 2004
Ma yezmer usmiḍen n umawal ad isismel tegzi n tɣuri?
Yezmer ad yefk isallen n usatal, maca tazmert n wawalen yettwassnen d tegzi d ismiḍanen yemṣadan, mačči yiwen n umḍan. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Iɣbula
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Acḥal n wawalen i nessnen? Ismiḍanen ifessasen n tiddi n umawal ilmend n usbadu n wawal, tiddi n usekcem n tutlayt d leɛmer n umttekki.
- Nation (2006). Acḥal n umawal i ilaqen i tɣuri d uselmed?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Asekyed n tmusni n umawal: tiddi, tazmert d ubeddel n uselmed s usebter.
- Webb (2008). Tiddi n umawal arɣez d umiran n yiselmaden n tutlayt tis snat (L2).
- Webb (2007). Afriwen n wallus ɣef tmusni n wawalen.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Acḥal n wawalen i yellan deg teglizit n uselmed yettwarun?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Acḥal n wawalen i neɣra deg dakik? Tasleḍt d meta-analiz n urured n tɣuri.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Azal n wawalen yettwassnen deg uḍris d tegzi n tɣuri.
Bder asebter-a d aɣbalu: Acuɣer zemreɣ ad ssneɣ awal ur zemmireɣ ara ad t-seqdecɣ mi ara hedreɣ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/kab/answers/receptive-vs-productive-vocabulary. CC BY 4.0.
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