Isallen agejdan d yimḍanen
| Agmuḍ deg tesleḍt tasemsilt n yimɣaren | Asenqed | Tiwtilt |
|---|---|---|
| Agraw n twuri n usenqed n Stroop | Hedges' g = 0.12 | Send aseɣti n uẓayar n usuffeɣ |
| Amnaḍ n usirew n 95% | 0.03 ar 0.20 | Amgired ameẓẓyan n ugraw i d-yettwasdukklen |
| Taggrayt tamatut seld aseɣti n uẓayar | Ur tettwasebgen ara tazmert tamatut | Mačči d asebter belli akk imdanen kifkif |
Asenqed i d-yettwabedren i Stroop yella deg tfelwit 3. D amgired yettwasnen s wudem usdid, mačči d tazmert n 12% neɣ d tazmert n yiwen umdan. Asenqed ameẓẓyan ur yettuseɣtayan ara deg tfelwit akked taggrayt n uḍris i d-yettwasemselselen ilaq ad ttwaɣran s yiwen n yisem. Ma yefka yiwen azal kan i tneqqiḍt izzayen, ad yesseɣti s wudem ur nelli d yisem i uselken. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Ayɣer i d-yettunefk usumer n tazmert?
Asefrek n ugar n yiwet n tutlayt yettak-d s tmuɣli amezwaru ɣef wamek ara tettwasleḍ tazmert n usefrek n uqerruy. Maca tiktiwin i d-yettbanen d imawi ilaq ad ilin yisallen usligen. Leqdic n Paap d Greenberg yettwasmekti-d belli kra n twuriwin n uqerruy ur ttakent ara asebter amezwaru i tazmert n wid yessawalen snat n tutlayin, war ma yettwaḥsab belli igmaḍ-nsent yemṣadan kan imi bḍan yiwen yisem. Paap et al., 2013
Asekyed n Stroop yakan yebḍa ɣef waṭas n yiferdisen. Awalen, initen, tarrayin n tririt akked ugzal i yettwafernen ttakent azal i temsalt. Tazrawt n MacLeod akked tazrawt n usenqed n tmeẓri n tɣellist skanent-d ayɣer ur yezmir ara ad yettwasewzel ɣer usefrak uslig i yisallen n tutlayt. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Ma yessefk ad tettwaḥseb tutlayt n usekyed?
Awal yettwarun yezmer ad yesseḥbes tira kan s temsal i d-yettak deg umdan i yeɣran. Asekyed amezwaru yeskan-d azal n tririt s wawal i yettwassnen, ma d tizrawin n usdukkel mmalent-d amgired gar talɣiwin n usekyed. Aya yessefk ad nḥrez tutlayt akked twilayin n tririt; ur d-yettak ara yiwen n useɣti amatu i wid yessawalen snat n tutlayin. Stroop, 1935 MacLeod, 1991
Acu i t-ittḥaz?
Amgired gar yigrawen ur d-yettak ara anwa i yellan d amdan
Xas ma d amgired ameẓẓyan i d-yettwalan gar yigrawen, ad yeqqim ugar n wayen i d-yemseḍfaren, ur d-yettak ara tiririt ɣef wamek i tbeddel teɣzi n umdan yiwen. Tazrawt ɣef umenɣi n tɣellist teskan-d daɣen belli aṭas n yimgired amezwaru n twuriwin ttwaḍmanen s wudem meẓẓiyen i usemẓi n yimdanen, ɣas akken igmaḍ-nsent n usekyed ttwasbanen s wudem ameqqran. Asekyed ameẓẓyan deg iminig n web ur yezmir ara ad isebter anwa tamuɣli n tutlayt i d-yewwin agmuḍ. Hedge et al., 2017
Tasleḍt tamatut n yimɣaren ur d-tesbeyyen ara isemẓan n Stroop i yimɣaren yessawalen snat n tutlayin, s wazal n uswir n lɛemr neɣ n tmeṭṭut d urgaz. Taggrayt-is ur ilaq ara ad tettwasemres s wudem awurman i warrac, yal snat n tutlayin neɣ yal talɣa n tmuɣli n usenfali s tutlayin. Agraw yemgaraden yesra isallen i ilaqen i yiman-is. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Ayɣer i d-ttakken azal i usenqed akked useɣti?
Asenqed n wakud deg iminig yettbeddil ilmend n yiselsiyen, ma d aseɣti n Stroop yettbeddil ilmend n talɣa n usekyed. Leqdic n tesleḍt n tmeẓri n tɣellist yeskan-d amek i yezmer wamek i tettwaḥsab temsalt n ufrur ad ibeddel azal n yimɣaraden n yigrawen i yettwalan. Aya d aseɣti amatu ɣef usenqed, mačči d asebter belli tutlayin snat d tawtilt n tɣellist. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Lansbergen et al., 2007
D acu i tzemreḍ ad tessegziḍ s wudem n tidet mi ara tɛerḍeḍ?
Seqdec asekyed am tarmit n usdukkel n wawalen d yiniten yemgaraden. Ma tesleḍḍeḍ igmaḍ-ik deg yal tikkelt, ḥrez tutlayt, allal, talɣa n tririt akked useɣti d imezdayen. ɣer tasaɣt n tuccḍiwin akked wakud n tririt ɣer lǧiha n usegzi, ur d-ttak ara amgired am asebter n tazmert tamatut i wid yessawalen snat n tutlayin. Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017
Isallen ur ttwakksen ara seg useɣret n tutlayin, daɣen ur ttak ara lemɛahda n usnerni n tɣawsiwin n uqerruy s waya. Yettarra-d ɣef tazmert i d-yettwabedren s wudem uẓẓay: leqdicat n yimɣaren i d-yettwasemselselen ur ttakent ara asebter ameqqran i tazmert tamatut n usefrek n uqerruy seld aseɣti n uẓayar n usuffeɣ. Tazmert tusligt n tutlayt akked wazal n umeslay s tutlayt-nniḍen d igmaḍ yemgaraden. Lehtonen et al., 2018 Paap et al., 2013
Ɛreḍ asekyed baṭel icudden ɣer waya
Asekyed n Stroop
Ɛreḍ asekyed n Stroop s tutlayt i tesneḍ, u ḥrez tutlayt-nni d yiwet ticki tettwaliḍ igmaḍ. Ur yezmir ara ad isebter ma d tazmert-ik deg tutlayt i d-yewwin agmuḍ-ik, neɣ ad yefk tazmert n uqerruy i wid yessawalen snat n tutlayin.
Isteqsiyen yettwassnen
Ma yebɣa g = 0.12 ad yini 12% ugar n tazmert?
Ala. D amgired usdid n umya, u asenqed-agi yettwaseqdec send aseɣti n uẓayar. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Ma tesbeyyen-d tazrawt belli ulac yiwen seg yimdanen yessawalen snat n tutlayin i yettnernin?
Ala. Ulac isallen imɣaraden i tazmert tamatut ur d-yettak ara anamek belli yal amdan neɣ yal tawtilt kifkif. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Ma yezmer ugmuḍ-iw ad d-yemmal ma nek d amdan i yessawalen snat n tutlayin s tidet?
Ala. Agmuḍ n Stroop mačči d asekyed n tmuɣli n usenfali s tutlayin, neɣ d asekyed i yettwasenqden n usenfali s snat n tutlayin. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Iɣbula
- Lehtonen et al. (2018). Ma yella usenfali s snat n tutlayin akked tazmert i d-yernan n usefrek n uqerruy deg yimɣaren? Tasleḍt n usemẓi n tezrawin..
- Paap et al. (2013). Ulac isallen yemṣadan i tazmert n usefrek n uqerruy i wid yessawalen snat n tutlayin.
- MacLeod (1991). Aseggas n useɣri ɣef ufrur n Stroop: Tasleḍt tasemsilt..
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Asekyed n yini d wawal n Stroop.
- Stroop (1935). Leqdicat ɣef ufrur deg tririt n wawalen s umseḍfer..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Amennuɣ n tɣellist: Ayɣer tiwuriwin n uqerruy i d-yettbanen s wudem ameqqran ur ttakent ara amgired i yimdanen.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Tazmert tamatut d usdid n yiselsiyen n yiseɣẓanen n tarmit s internet, iminig n web akked yiselsiyen.
- Lansbergen et al. (2007). Afrur n Stroop akked tɣellist n yisemɣar am ADHD: Tasleḍt n uẓayar akked usemẓi..
Bder asebter-a d aɣbalu: Ma yessefk ad ilin wid yessawalen snat n tutlayin s wudem ugar deg usekyed n Stroop?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/kab/answers/bilingualism-and-stroop-performance. CC BY 4.0.
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