Kev xeem nco rov qab N kauj ruam: txoj kev ua
N-back hloov raws kev ua tau (ib, ob, peb lossis plaub txoj kab), raws li Jaeggi thiab lwm tus (2008) txoj kev xyaum dual n-back
Tus qauv ntawm qhov suav qhab nia: nback-training-1 (qib version ntawm daim ntawv cog lus 1, qib version ntawm hom ntawv ntu 2)
← Rov qab mus rau qhov kev xeemQhov ntsuas
Kev ua tau ntawm txoj hauj lwm n-back nws tus kheej: hloov kho thiab phim cov khoom tsis ntev los no hauv kev nco khaws cia thaum ua hauj lwm. Nov yog ib lub cuab yeej xyaum uas muaj nws cov duab qhia kev nce qib; nws tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuas kev nco khaws cia thaum ua hauj lwm uas muaj qauv ntsuas.
Cov kauj ruam ua
Cov kab cim: qhov chaw (ib lub ntawm 8 lub xwmfab sab nraud hauv daim phiaj 3 x 3; yeej tsis siv lub nruab nrab), suab (8 tsab ntawv hais tawm, lossis 8 lub suab hu ua Notes), xim thiab duab (muaj 8 yam rau ib qho). Hom: ib txoj kab (qhov chaw), ob txoj kab (qhov chaw + suab; yog hom pib), peb txoj kab (+ xim) thiab plaub txoj kab (+ duab). Txhua lub cim tshwm 500 ms; lub cim tom ntej tshwm tom qab lub caij sib nrug uas xaiv lawm (qauv 3,000 ms). Kev teb rau ib txoj kab suav rau lub cim tam sim no mus txog thaum lub cim tom ntej tshwm. Cov yuam sij: A (qhov chaw), L (suab), S (xim), K (duab), Space ncua; hauv xov tooj, siv cov khawm hauv qab daim phiaj. Ib ntu muaj N lub cim sov siab (tsis tas teb) ntxiv rau cov cim suav qhab nia (qauv 20). Cov kab cim los ntawm ib lub tshuab tsim raws tus lej pib uas lub server rov khiav tau: hauv txhua txoj kab, raws nraim 30% ntawm cov cim suav qhab nia phim (6 ntawm 20); txhua nkawm txoj kab phim ua ke rau 10% ntawm cov cim (2 ntawm 20); hom peb thiab plaub txoj kab muaj cov cim uas txhua txoj kab lossis peb txoj kab phim; cov uas tsis phim yeej tsis rov ua yuam kev raws li yam khoom N kauj ruam dhau los. Muaj ib zaj qhia 1-back xaiv tau uas muab lus qhia rov qab. Qhov kev teeb tsa pib hloov raws kev ua tau (sij hawm thiab ntev raws qauv); qhov kev teeb tsa xaiv tes cia tus ua si teeb N, lub caij sib nrug, qhov ntev thiab lus qhia rov qab. Muaj ib qho kev xyaum txhua hnub xaiv tau uas muaj 20 ntu thiab muaj caij so. Yog tawm hauv nplooj ntawv thaum tseem tsis tau ua tiav, ntu yuav ncua thiab rov pib tau.
Cov kev txwv
| Kev txwv | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| Hom pib | ob txoj kab (qhov chaw + suab), N = 2, hloov raws kev ua tau |
| Qhov ntau ntawm N | 1 txog 9 |
| Sij hawm qhia lub cim | 500 ms |
| Caij sib nrug ntawm cov cim | 3,000 ms raws qauv; 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 4,000 lossis 5,000 ms thaum xaiv tes |
| Cov cim suav qhab nia hauv ib ntu | 20 raws qauv; 40, 60 lossis 100 thaum xaiv tes |
| Cov cim sov siab | N rau ib ntu, tsis suav qhab nia |
| Cov cim phim | 30% rau ib txoj kab; 10% rau ib nkawm txoj kab |
| Txoj cai hloov raws kev ua tau | nce 1 yog txhua txoj kab muaj tsis tshaj 2 qhov yuam kev; nqis 1 yog ib txoj kab twg muaj 6 lossis ntau dua; lwm zaus nyob li qub |
| Kev xyaum txhua hnub (xaiv tau) | 20 ntu |
| Txoj kev teb | khawm kov npo, nas, cov yuam sij A / L / S / K, Space los ncua |
Kev suav qhab nia
Rau txhua txoj kab, suav cov cim suav qhab nia: teb raug, plam, nias yuam kev, thiab tsis nias raug; qhov raug sib npaug = 50 x (feem teb raug + feem tsis nias raug), ua feem pua, ces yog tsis teb dab tsi (lossis teb txhua yam) yuav tau 50%. Qhab nia ntawm ib ntu yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov raug sib npaug rau cov kab uas xaiv; siab dua yog zoo dua. Cov yuam kev hauv ib txoj kab = plam + nias yuam kev; tej no yog siv hloov qib rau ntu tom ntej. Lub sij hawm teb ntawm txhua txoj kab muab xam ua nruab nrab nruab nrab, nruab nrab, tsawg kawg thiab ntau kawg, tiam sis tsis muab tso rau hauv qhab nia. Tsis muab piv rau lwm tus ua si; cov duab qhia kev nce qib muab piv tus ua si cov zaug xyaum uas siv tib qho kev teeb tsa.
Cov cai kom qhov kev khiav siv tau
Tsuas khaws cov ntu ua tiav xwb (N lub cim ntxiv cov cim suav qhab nia, muaj ib tus cim teev tias teb lossis tsis teb rau txhua txoj kab thiab txhua lub cim, thiab tsis muaj kev teb thaum lub caij sov siab). Lub server tsim kab cim dua raws tus lej pib thiab tsis lees txais ntu yog cov cim uas teev tseg txawv ntawm kab cim ntawd, tsis muaj cov lus teb uas txais lawm, lossis lub sij hawm ua tiav nyob rau yav tom ntej. Ncua tau thiab qhov ncua ntawd raug teev tseg. Khaws cov cim qhia tias yog bot, tiam sis yeej tsis hloov qhab nia lossis cov duab qhia. Cov zaug xyaum no muab khaws cais ntawm qhov kev xeem n-back suav qhab nia thiab yeej tsis siv rau kev piv lossis qhab nia hauv app.
Qhov txawv ntawm txoj hauj lwm qub
Ntu qauv ua raws sij hawm thiab txoj cai hloov qib ntawm Jaeggi thiab lwm tus (2008): 20 + N lub cim, qhia 500 ms, 3 s rau ib lub cim, nce yog txhua txoj kab muaj tsawg dua 3 qhov yuam kev, nqis yog ib txoj kab twg muaj ntau dua 5. Qhov txawv: siv suab hais ntawv uas tshuab tsim (lossis suab nrov), muaj xim thiab duab ntxiv tau, muaj zaj qhia luv, tswj tau hauv xov tooj, xaiv tau kev teeb tsa tes, thiab xyaum txhua hnub raws tus kheej lub sij hawm. Qhov no tsis yog rov ua ib txoj kev cob qhia tshawb fawb, thiab tsis yog Kirchner thawj txoj hauj lwm ib txoj kab.
Cov kev txwv
Muaj pov thawj zoo tias tus neeg nce qib ntawm txoj hauj lwm uas tau xyaum; qhov kev txawj ntawd puas hloov mus rau lwm yam peev xwm, nrog rau kev txawj ntse, tseem muaj ntau yam tshwm sim thiab muaj kev sib cav. Nplooj ntawv no tsis cog lus tias yuav muaj qhov hloov ntawd. Sij hawm suab thiab npo nyob ntawm lub twj thiab browser; cov ntaub ntawv teev thaum nplooj ntawv xa txhua lub cim, tsis yog thaum npo lossis suab nrov tsim tawm. Tsis muaj qauv ntsuas thiab tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas. Tsis siv kho mob lossis kuaj mob.
Cov lus thiab kev tshuaj xyuas
Muaj lus qhia ua txhua hom lus hauv lub vev xaib. Txoj kab suab siv cov tsiaj ntawv lossis suab lus ib txwm muaj hauv 28 hom lus (Bengali, Bulgarian, Suav ntawv yooj yim thiab ib txwm, Czech, Dutch, Askiv, Fabkis, German, Greek, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Kazakh, Marathi, Nepali, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Lavxias, Serbian, Spanish, Telugu, Ukrainian, Urdu, Albanian, Armenian), kaw suab nrog tshuab hais lus; lwm hom lus siv qhov xaiv suab nrov. Cov kab qhov chaw, xim thiab duab tsis vam khom lus.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cais raws hom lus qhia
Cov hom lus qhia uas luam tawm muaj teev hauv qab no. Txoj kev txhais lus: tshuab pab txhais, nrog tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb rau ib hom lus piav qhia saum toj no; ntawm no tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas.
| Hom lus qhia | Qib kev tshuaj xyuas uas muaj ntaub ntawv teev |
|---|---|
| English | Cov ntawv Askiv qub. |
| Azərbaycan dili | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Čeština | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Deutsch | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Español | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Filipino | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Français | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Hausa | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Igbo | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Italiano | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Kiswahili | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Magyar | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Nederlands | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Oʻzbekcha | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Polski | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Português | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Shqip | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Soomaali | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Srpski | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Tiếng Việt | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Türkçe | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Türkmençe | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Yorùbá | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Ελληνικά | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Български | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Кыргызча | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Қазақ тілі | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Македонски | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Монгол | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Русский | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Тоҷикӣ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Українська | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ქართული | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| Հայերեն | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| עברית | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| اردو | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| العربية | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| پښتو | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| سنڌي | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| فارسی | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| کوردیی ناوەندی | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| አማርኛ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| नेपाली | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| मराठी | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| हिन्दी | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| অসমীয়া | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| বাংলা | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ગુજરાતી | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| தமிழ் | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| తెలుగు | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ಕನ್ನಡ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| മലയാളം | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| සිංහල | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ไทย | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ລາວ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| မြန်မာ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| ខ្មែរ | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| 한국어 | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| 日本語 | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| 简体中文 | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
| 繁體中文 | Tshuab kuaj tsab ntawv thiab kev sau lus; tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus hais hom lus ntawd txij thaum yau tau tshuaj xyuas. |
Yuav hais txog qhov chaw li cas
Helibrain (2026). N-back test, vnback-training-1. https://helibrain.com/n-back-test/methods
Daim ntawv hloov pauv
· Tus qauv nback-training-1 · Thawj zaug luam tawm txoj kev ua ntawm txoj hauj lwm tam sim no.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv hais txog
Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352-358.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043688original n-back paradigm
Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(19), 6829-6833.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801268105dual n-back training protocol (timing, block structure, adaptation rule)
Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005). N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 46-59.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20131review of the n-back paradigm
Soveri, A., Antfolk, J., Karlsson, L., Salo, B., & Laine, M. (2017). Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1077-1096.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1217-0meta-analysis: training effects are mostly task-specific
Melby-Lervåg, M., Redick, T. S., & Hulme, C. (2016). Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of "far transfer": Evidence from a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 512-534.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635612meta-analysis: no reliable far transfer
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