Jira nataw ni nimɔrɔw
| Baara min lajɛli kɔnɔ | Jate cɛmancɛ | Waati jate daɲɛ 1,000 kama |
|---|---|---|
| Kalan dakunw kan, kuma tɛ | 238 WPM | A bɛ taama miniti 4 ni sekɔndi 12 |
| Kalan tariku kan, kuma tɛ | 260 WPM | A bɛ taama miniti 3 ni sekɔndi 51 |
| Kalan ni kuma | 183 WPM | A bɛ taama miniti 5 ni sekɔndi 28 |
Kuma fɔli jate cɛmancɛ daɲɛna lajɛli 77 ni karamɔgɔw 5,965 kan. Kalan ni kuma fɔli lajɛliw tɛ kelen ye, sabu sɛbɛnw, kunnafoniw ani karamɔgɔw tɔgɔw bɛɛ tɛ kelen ye. O la, 238 ka 183 bɔli tɛ jira ko kalanbaga bɛɛ ka WPM 55 sɔrɔ kuma tɛ kalan sababu la. Karamɔgɔw jate cɛmancɛ fana tɛ fɔli ɲuman, kalan fluence dantigɛli, walima jɔyɔrɔ sɔrɔli lajɛli ye. Brysbaert, 2019
Kuma fɔli bɛ fɛn wɛrɛ fara baara kan
Kalan ni kuma bɛ ɲɛsin yeli la, daɲɛ lɔnni la, ani kuma fɔli la. Kalan min tɛ kuma fɔli ye, o fana bɛ kuma kɔrɔ lajɛ, nka a ma kan ka munu bɛɛ kuma kɛ ka ban. Yeli ni kalan lajɛliw bɛ yeli ni kuma kɔrɔfɔli ka ɲɔgɔn na cogo jira; baara fila bɛɛ kɛ yeliw ka taama kan tuma min na, o ye. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
O yɛlɛmani tɛ ko kalan min tɛ kuma fɔli ye, o tɛ kuma kan miiriliw sɔrɔ. Kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛ lajɛli bɛ fɔ ko miiri kɔnɔ kuma dabila ma jira ko o ye fɛɛrɛ dɔ ye min bɛ kalan kɔrɔfɔli kɛ kɛsɛkɛsɛya la. Kuma min tɛ mɛn ni ɲɛw ye, ani kuma kan miirili min tɛ kɛ, o tɛ kelen ye. Rayner et al., 2016
Jɔyɔrɔ jumɛn bɛ kalan kɔrɔ fɔɲɛ?
Jate cɛmancɛ fila tɛ se ka jaabi di o ɲininkali ma u kelen-kelen kan. Kalan kɔrɔ fɔɲɛ bɛ kunnafoniw, kuntilenna ni kalanbaga la. Siganw segin kalan kan dabila lajɛli dɔ bɛ jira ko kuma segin kalan kan bɛ se ka kalan kɔrɔfɔli dɛmɛ; kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛya lajɛli min bɛ fɔ ko ka taama kɛsɛkɛsɛya la, o bɛ se ka waati dɔɔnin di miiri baara la kalan cogo fila bɛɛ la. Schotter et al., 2014
Munw bɛ a yɛrɛma?
Mun na si ni kan bɛ cɛsiri cogow yɛlɛma\n\nLajɛli bɛ rate caman jira denmisɛnw, mɔgɔ kura ni kan wɛrɛ kalanbagaw fɛ. Daɲɛw lɔnni ni kan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔnni bɛ daɲɛ dɔnni dɛmɛ; kan wɛrɛw lajɛli fana bɛ a jira ko daɲɛ ka caya bɛna yɛlɛma kalanbaga ye kan kelen kelen dɔnni cogo la. O de la, kalanden dɔ kalan kanfɔli ni kalan sɔgɔma rate tɛ kan ka yɛlɛma cogo kelen na angilɛkan kalanbagaw cɛmancɛni hakɛw ye. Brysbaert, 2019 Whitford et al., 2012\n\nDaɲɛ lɔnni ni kuma fɔli kɛsɛkɛsɛya tɛ kelen ye. Daɲɛ minw kalanbaga dɔnni hakɛ bɛ yɛlɛma ni daɲɛ hakɛ jate cogow ye; kalan kɔnɔ daɲɛ caman fana bɛna yɛlɛma sɛbɛn kelen kɔnɔ daɲɛw cogo la. O ye sababuw ye ka kalan kanfɔli WPM hakɛ kelen ma kɛ kan dɔnni bɛɛ labɛnni ye. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nation, 2006\n\n### Mun na a ka ɲi ka fara kan kalan na?\n\nKalan cogow ta min bɛ i ka baara bɛn: kuma kan na ɲɛfɔli ni kalan i yɛrɛ ka faamuya ye lɔnniw ye minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn kan, nka u tɛ kelen ye. Kalan kelen cogo lajɛ ni kelen ye; o kɔ fɔ i yɛrɛ ye ko i faamuya. Kalan lajɛliw bɛ baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw lajɛli dɛmɛ, a tɛ i fɔ ko mɔgɔ bɛɛ ka kan ka kalan cogo kelen kɛ tuma bɛɛ. Brysbaert, 2019 Rayner et al., 2016\n\nI b’a fɛ ka cogow fla lajɛ cogoya dɔrɔn la, ta kalan fɔlɔw minw ma kɛ i ye, wa u ka gɛlɛnɲɛ bɛ ɲɔgɔnna; kana kalan sɛbɛn kelen sɔgɔma tugun kanfɔli la fɔlɔ nɔgɔlen kɔ. Dɔnkili bɛ cɛsiri bɔ a ɲɛ, barisa kalan fɔlɔ ka dɔnni bɛ kalan laban yɛlɛma. Jateminɛ lajɛlenw ta fɛn minnu ɲɛfɛ, nka kana o jateminɛw jate i hakili bɛɛ fɛn dantigɛli ye, walima kalan kitabu bɛɛ kunna fɔli ye. CLIFTON et al., 2015 Rayner, 1998\n\nNi kalan rate yɛlɛmana, kɔrɔ ka ɲɛfɔ: kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛya ni faamuya dɔgɔyali ye fɛn kelen ye; kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛya ni faamuya kelen ye fɛn wɛrɛ ye. Kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛ hakɛ kelen dɔrɔn tɛ se ka o fila farati. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
I ka testu baara kɛcogo fɔlɔ min bɛ ɲɔgɔn na
Kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛ dantigɛli
Kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛ dantigɛli kɛ i ye kalan sɔgɔma baara ye, ka a faamuya ɲininkaliw jaabi. A tɛ kalan kanfɔli kɛsɛkɛsɛya lajɛ. Ni i bɛ kalan kanfɔli waati jate kɔfɛ, o tɔgɔ jira ko baara wɛrɛ don.
ɲininkali dafɛw
Kalan kanfɔli ka kan ka kɛ 183 WPM ye wa?
O ye cɛmancɛni ye min bɔra lajɛliw caman na; a ma kɛ sariya ye. Sɛbɛn, ɲininkaliw, kalanbagaw ni baara lajɛlen bɛ jaabi yɛlɛma. Brysbaert, 2019
Kalan sɔgɔma bɛ kanw bɔ hakili la wa?
Ayi. Kalan kɛsɛkɛsɛ lajɛli bɛ kuma miirili ni kan bɔli faran ɲɔgɔn na. Rayner et al., 2016
Kalan sɔgɔma dantigɛli bɛ se ka kuma kanfɔli dɔnni lajɛ wa?
Kalan rate kelen ma se ka o jira. Kuma kan na fɔli bɛ baara fara a kan; o tɛ don kalan sɔgɔma waati kelen jate la. CLIFTON et al., 2015
Lajɛli kunnafoniw
- Brysbaert (2019). Daɲɛ joli an bɛ kalan miniti kelen kɔnɔ? Kalan rate lajɛli ni cɛsiri kunnafoniw lajɛli.\n- Rayner et al. (2016). Kalan caman bɛ, waati dɔgɔman.\n- Rayner (1998). Kalan ni kunnafoniw lajɛli kɔnɔ yeli yɛlɛmani: cɛsiri san 20.\n- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kalan ni kunnafoniw lajɛli kɔnɔ yeli yɛlɛmani: Keith Rayner ka baara san 40.\n- Whitford et al. (2012). Kan wɛrɛ dɔnni bɛ daɲɛ ka caya lajɛli yɛlɛma kan fɔlɔ ni kan filanan na: kunnafoni bɔra paragrafe kalan kɔnɔ yeli lajɛli la.\n- Nation (2006). Daɲɛ joli ka kan ka dɔn kalan ni lamɛnni kama?.\n- Schotter et al. (2014). Kana i da la fɛn min kalan, ni i ye a kalan si kelen dɔrɔn.\n- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Daɲɛ joli an bɛ dɔn? Daɲɛw hakɛ jateminɛ fɛɛrɛ min bɛ yɛlɛma daɲɛ kɔrɔ ɲɛfɔli, kan lamɛn hakɛ ni kalanbagaw si ye.
Ɲɛ nin jira i ka bɔyɔrɔ ye: Mun na kalan sɔgɔma kɛsɛkɛsɛ ka tɛmɛ kalan kanfɔli kan?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/bm/answers/reading-aloud-vs-silent-reading. CC BY 4.0.
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